journal article·2026-01

Temperature Invariant, Nearly Zero Temperature Coefficient of Resistivity in Si‐Doped Titanium Nitrides

S. Novia Berriel, Corbin Feit, Md. Rafiqul Islam, Jia Shi, Somilkumar J. Rathi, Ajit Dhamdhere, Hae Young Kim, Patrick E. Hopkins, Talat Rahman, Duy Le, Parag Banerjee

Advanced Materials· Volume 38· Issue 6
Publisher page

Abstract

Abstract Materials with near‐zero temperature coefficient of resistivity (nz‐TCR) are critical for precision electronics operating across wide temperature ranges, yet achieving ultra‐stable resistivity remains a challenge. Here, a mixed nitride Ti─Si─N thin film system is demonstrated exhibiting exceptional nz‐TCR stability (0.05 ppm K −1 ) from 80 to 420 K, realized through atomic‐level control of electron scattering mechanisms. By tuning Si content in TiN (2–4 at%), a TCR transition from metallic (positive) to insulating (negative) behavior is induced, with optimal stability at Ti 0.98 Si 0.02 N. Atomic layer deposition enables precise synthesis, while structural, electronic, and thermal characterization, supported by density functional theory‐based calculations, reveal that nz‐TCR arises from a control of elastic mean free path and average diffusion length of electrons. The elastic mean free path (0.712 nm) approaches the lattice parameter (0.455 nm), and the average diffusion length (5.5 nm) aligns with the size of Si decorated grains (5.66 nm), thus leading to temperature invariant electronic transport. This work provides a generalizable design principle for ultra‐stable nz‐TCR resistors using composition control and grain‐boundary engineering.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Metal and Thin Film Mechanics · Boron and Carbon Nanomaterials Research · Semiconductor materials and interfaces

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32816 USA

Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aerospace Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA

Department of Physics University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32816 USA

Eugenus Inc. 677 River Oaks Parkway San Jose CA 95134 USA

Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA

Department of Physics University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA

REACT Faculty Cluster University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32816 USA

Nano Science and Technology Center University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32816 USA

Florida Solar Energy Center University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32816 USA

Funding

National Science Foundation · Semiconductor Research Corporation · National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center · U.S. Department of Energy

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