DataVXAdvanced MaterialsPaper
journal article·2025-07

Ultrapure Graphite from Solid Refining

Mingchao Ding, Zhibin Zhang, Wenya Wei, Heng Wu, Xue Chen, Jingwei Dong, Quanlin Guo, Mengze Zhao, Ziqi Zhou, Li Wang, Xiaozhi Xu, Ying Fu, Wei Yang, Muhong Wu, Quanzhan Yang, Feng Ding, Enge Wang, Pingheng Tan, Guangyu Zhang, Kaihui Liu, Xuedong Bai

Advanced Materials· Volume 37· Issue 28
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Source abstract

Abstract

Abstract Graphite has sparked extensive quantum physical discoveries and demonstrated numerous cutting‐edge applications. However, existing graphite typically contains considerable impurities, and effective purification is still lacking. Here, a solid refining purification method is reported for obtaining ultrapure graphite. Through this design, impurities are filtered by the atomic lattice of a solid‐state nickel (Ni). Suitable absorption, diffusion, and precipitation energy barriers are utilized in this method, allowing only carbon (C) atoms to effectively migrate through the Ni lattice to form high‐quality graphite. The obtained ultrapure graphite shows the lowest elemental impurity density (<10 parts per million (ppm), which is one order of magnitude lower than that of the best available graphite), the highest structural purity (<0.2 parts per billion (ppb) of in‐plane structural defect density and >99% Bernal stacking), and the highest doping purity (carrier doping density <2.0 × 10 10 cm −2 ). Such superior purity of graphite facilitates the all‐integer visible Landau levels and the ultralow quantum transition magnetic field in the fabricated graphene device. This solid refinement technique should inspire the purification of various layered crystals, leading to the discovery of new phenomena and the development of advanced applications.
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Research context

Nanomaterials

OpenAlex topics: Graphene research and applications · Advancements in Battery Materials · Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics Frontiers Science Centre for Nano‐optoelectronics School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials Guangdong‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter School of Physics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China

State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 China

Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808 China

International Centre for Quantum Materials Collaborative Innovation Centre of Quantum Matter Peking University Beijing 100871 China

School of Physics, Liaoning University Shenyang 110036 China

Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Shenzhen 518055 China

Tsientang Institute for Advanced Study Hangzhou 311225 China

Funding

National Key Research and Development Program of China · National Natural Science Foundation of China

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