journal article·2026-01

Temporal Immunomodulatory Hydrogel Regulating the Immune‐Osteogenic Cascade for Infected Bone Defects Regeneration

Chaonan Jin, Jiaming Liang, Jiangyi Wu, Xiaodong Han, Yusai Zhou, Bo Li, Wei Sun, Juanjuan Su, Jing Sun, Sikang Wan, Hongjie Zhang, Kai Liu, Yawei Liu

Advanced Materials· Volume 38· Issue 2
Publisher page

Abstract

Abstract Early pathogen clearance and immunomodulation are critical for the restoration of infected bone defects. Conventional osteoimmunomodulatory strategies mainly emphasize M2 macrophage‐mediated bone regeneration, neglecting the pivotal role of early‐stage M1 macrophage‐activated immune response in microbial elimination. This oversight ultimately compromises repair efficacy in infected bone defects. Herein, a temporal immunomodulatory hydrogel is developed to regulate the immune‐osteogenic microenvironment for the repair of infected bone defects. The hydrogel is rapidly formed by crosslinking of acrylate‐modified engineered protein with oxidized sodium alginate, mimicking extracellular matrix architecture to promote cell adhesion, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis. To achieve temporal ion release, zinc‐based nanoparticles mineralized with hydroxyapatite are incorporated within the hydrogel matrix. The early‐stage release of Ca 2+ promotes M1 polarization to inhibit infection, while sustained release of Zn 2+ induces M2 polarization to promote osteogenic differentiation. This system further exhibits antioxidant and antibacterial properties, ensuring comprehensive immunomodulation across the bone healing process. In a rat model of infected cranial defects, the hydrogel effectively remodels the osteoimmune microenvironment, suppresses infection, and facilitates vascularized bone regeneration. This work highlights a temporal immunomodulatory strategy for infected bone repair and offers new insights into the design of advanced osteoimmunomodulatory biomaterials.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Bone Tissue Engineering Materials · Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications · Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials (Ministry of Education) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Peking University China‐Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine Beijing 100029 China

Plastic Surgery Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100144 China

Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Beihang University Beijing 100191 China

Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China

Xiangfu Laboratory Jiaxing Zhejiang 314102 China

Funding

National Key Research and Development Program of China · National Natural Science Foundation of China · Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province · China Postdoctoral Science Foundation · Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality

References (57)

Show source-provided references
1. 10.1038/s41413-024-00332-w10.1038/s41413-024-00332-w ↗
2. 10.1002/adfm.20220863910.1002/adfm.202208639 ↗
3. 10.1111/jace.2050810.1111/jace.20508 ↗
4. 10.1016/j.compositesb.2023.11064210.1016/j.compositesb.2023.110642 ↗
5. Choi J. W. · Plast. Aesthetic Res. · 2023 · 10 · 59
6. 10.20517/2347-9264.2022.5710.20517/2347-9264.2022.57 ↗
7. 10.1038/s41467-024-54894-810.1038/s41467-024-54894-8 ↗
8. 10.1038/s41579-022-00686-010.1038/s41579-022-00686-0 ↗
9. 10.1038/s41467-022-30243-510.1038/s41467-022-30243-5 ↗
10. 10.1002/adma.20220204410.1002/adma.202202044 ↗
11. 10.1002/adhm.20240034610.1002/adhm.202400346 ↗
12. 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.07.01410.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.07.014 ↗
13. 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.08.02310.1016/j.actbio.2012.08.023 ↗
14. 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.08.01210.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.08.012 ↗
15. 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.10.01710.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.10.017 ↗
16. 10.1016/j.addr.2017.05.01010.1016/j.addr.2017.05.010 ↗
17. 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.02.03410.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.02.034 ↗
18. 10.1016/j.mattod.2015.01.01910.1016/j.mattod.2015.01.019 ↗
19. 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.12.01710.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.12.017 ↗
20. 10.1038/nri244810.1038/nri2448 ↗
21. 10.1002/adfm.20231622410.1002/adfm.202316224 ↗
22. Zhou Y. S. · Nano Res. · 2025 · 5 · 18
23. 10.1002/advs.20240804410.1002/advs.202408044 ↗
24. 10.1002/adfm.20220106710.1002/adfm.202201067 ↗
25. 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.09.03610.1016/j.actbio.2022.09.036 ↗
26. 10.1002/EXP.2023014910.1002/EXP.20230149 ↗
27. 10.1002/SMMD.2023003410.1002/SMMD.20230034 ↗
28. 10.1002/adfm.20190933110.1002/adfm.201909331 ↗
29. 10.1002/advs.20210044610.1002/advs.202100446 ↗
30. 10.1016/j.isci.2021.10333910.1016/j.isci.2021.103339 ↗
31. 10.1016/j.isci.2018.09.01410.1016/j.isci.2018.09.014 ↗
32. 10.1016/j.cej.2024.15063110.1016/j.cej.2024.150631 ↗
33. 10.1039/D1TB00112D10.1039/D1TB00112D ↗
34. 10.1038/s41598-019-42186-x10.1038/s41598-019-42186-x ↗
35. 10.1021/jacs.4c1088210.1021/jacs.4c10882 ↗
36. 10.1002/adfm.20241551410.1002/adfm.202415514 ↗
37. 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c0800910.1021/acssuschemeng.0c08009 ↗
38. 10.1126/sciadv.adm716410.1126/sciadv.adm7164 ↗
39. 10.1002/jbm.a.1053810.1002/jbm.a.10538 ↗
40. 10.1007/s10853-008-3124-x10.1007/s10853-008-3124-x ↗
41. 10.1039/C9CE00757A10.1039/C9CE00757A ↗
42. 10.1016/j.cej.2020.12751110.1016/j.cej.2020.127511 ↗
43. Mehta V. B. · Groundwater · 2007 · 25 · 253
44. 10.3390/ijms2016396210.3390/ijms20163962 ↗
45. 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.21302310.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213023 ↗
46. 10.1002/adma.20250004310.1002/adma.202500043 ↗
47. 10.1021/acsabm.0c0163310.1021/acsabm.0c01633 ↗
48. 10.1016/j.cej.2024.15538810.1016/j.cej.2024.155388 ↗
49. 10.1002/EXP.2023009910.1002/EXP.20230099 ↗
50. 10.1016/j.bmt.2023.06.00210.1016/j.bmt.2023.06.002 ↗
51. 10.1002/adma.20230271610.1002/adma.202302716 ↗
52. 10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.11165310.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111653 ↗
53. 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.02.01210.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.02.012 ↗
54. 10.1016/j.cej.2024.15058510.1016/j.cej.2024.150585 ↗
55. 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.21302310.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213023 ↗
56. 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.08.05510.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.08.055 ↗
57. 10.1039/C7BM00110J10.1039/C7BM00110J ↗