journal article·2025-12Open access

Lighting the Path to Precision Healthcare: Advances and Applications of Wearable Photonic Sensors

Ruihao Song, Seokjoo Cho, Shadman Khan, Inkyu Park, Wei Gao

Advanced Materials· Volume 37· Issue 49

Abstract

Abstract Recent advancements in wearable photonic sensors have marked a transformative era in healthcare, enabling non‐invasive, real‐time, portable, and personalized medical monitoring. These sensors leverage the unique properties of light toward high‐performance sensing in form factors optimized for real‐world use. Their ability to offer solutions to a broad spectrum of medical challenges – from routine health monitoring to managing chronic conditions, inspires a rapidly growing translational market. This review explores the design and development of wearable photonic sensors toward various healthcare applications. The photonic sensing strategies that power these technologies are first presented, alongside a discussion of the factors that define optimal use‐cases for each approach. The means by which these mechanisms are integrated into wearable formats are then discussed, with considerations toward material selection for comfort and functionality, component fabrication, and power management. Recent developments in the space are detailed, accounting for both physical and chemical stimuli detection through various non‐invasive biofluids. Finally, a comprehensive situational overview identifies critical challenges toward translation, alongside promising solutions. Associated future outlooks detail emerging trends and mechanisms that stand to enable the integration of these technologies into mainstream healthcare practice, toward advancing personalized medicine and improving patient outcomes.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials · Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies · Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA

Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea

Funding

National Science Foundation · National Institutes of Health · Army Research Office · U.S. Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity

References (100+)

Show source-provided references
1. 10.1038/s41586-024-08249-410.1038/s41586-024-08249-4 ↗
2. 10.1038/s41587-019-0045-y10.1038/s41587-019-0045-y ↗
3. 10.1038/s41928-023-00996-y10.1038/s41928-023-00996-y ↗
4. 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b0057310.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00573 ↗
5. 10.1007/s44258-024-00028-010.1007/s44258-024-00028-0 ↗
6. 10.1038/s41570-022-00439-w10.1038/s41570-022-00439-w ↗
7. 10.1039/C7CS00730B10.1039/C7CS00730B ↗
8. 10.1039/C7LC00914C10.1039/C7LC00914C ↗
9. 10.1038/s43246-023-00441-910.1038/s43246-023-00441-9 ↗
10. 10.1038/s41578-019-0167-310.1038/s41578-019-0167-3 ↗
11. 10.1016/j.bios.2024.11623210.1016/j.bios.2024.116232 ↗
12. 10.1016/j.matt.2020.03.02010.1016/j.matt.2020.03.020 ↗
13. 10.1021/acssensors.0c0256610.1021/acssensors.0c02566 ↗
14. 10.1002/adsr.20240008210.1002/adsr.202400082 ↗
15. 10.1109/JLT.2019.295804410.1109/JLT.2019.2958044 ↗
16. 10.1016/j.optlastec.2023.10922710.1016/j.optlastec.2023.109227 ↗
17. 10.3390/s2315667110.3390/s23156671 ↗
18. 10.1108/0260228131129435110.1108/02602281311294351 ↗
19. 10.1364/AO.54.00262010.1364/AO.54.002620 ↗
20. Terdale J. · Int. J. Syst. Assur. Eng. Manag. · 2022 · 1
21. 10.1117/3.100291010.1117/3.1002910 ↗
22. 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.08.00110.1016/j.ccr.2018.08.001 ↗
23. 10.3390/coatings1402017310.3390/coatings14020173 ↗
24. 10.3390/bios1109030510.3390/bios11090305 ↗
25. 10.3390/s1903068310.3390/s19030683 ↗
26. 10.1039/D4SD00045E10.1039/D4SD00045E ↗
27. 10.1007/s00253-022-11901-610.1007/s00253-022-11901-6 ↗
28. 10.1016/j.bios.2023.11549510.1016/j.bios.2023.115495 ↗
29. 10.3390/bios1303039610.3390/bios13030396 ↗
30. 10.1016/j.bios.2020.11233110.1016/j.bios.2020.112331 ↗
31. M. A.Nagar D.Janner MDPIAG 2024 p.972.10.3390/photonics11100972 ↗
32. 10.1109/JSEN.2024.344728310.1109/JSEN.2024.3447283 ↗
33. 10.3390/s2011326610.3390/s20113266 ↗
34. 10.3389/fchem.2022.106032210.3389/fchem.2022.1060322 ↗
35. 10.3390/bios1302018110.3390/bios13020181 ↗
36. 10.1016/j.snb.2024.13586510.1016/j.snb.2024.135865 ↗
37. 10.1016/j.jpha.2024.02.01310.1016/j.jpha.2024.02.013 ↗
38. 10.1088/2515-7647/ad38f610.1088/2515-7647/ad38f6 ↗
39. 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.21490910.1016/j.ccr.2022.214909 ↗
40. 10.1039/D1CS01083B10.1039/D1CS01083B ↗
41. 10.1038/s41427-018-0086-610.1038/s41427-018-0086-6 ↗
42. 10.3390/ma1002009710.3390/ma10020097 ↗
43. 10.1039/D2MA00269H10.1039/D2MA00269H ↗
44. 10.1016/j.snb.2021.13106710.1016/j.snb.2021.131067 ↗
45. 10.1039/C8LC00530C10.1039/C8LC00530C ↗
46. 10.1039/C7TC05204A10.1039/C7TC05204A ↗
47. 10.1021/acsnano.1c0432710.1021/acsnano.1c04327 ↗
48. 10.1016/j.talo.2023.10024710.1016/j.talo.2023.100247 ↗
49. 10.1039/D4CS00328D10.1039/D4CS00328D ↗
50. 10.1002/adfm.20190726910.1002/adfm.201907269 ↗
51. 10.1002/admt.20240112110.1002/admt.202401121 ↗
52. 10.3390/bios1302018410.3390/bios13020184 ↗
53. 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c0462010.1021/acs.nanolett.4c04620 ↗
54. 10.1016/j.microc.2024.11154610.1016/j.microc.2024.111546 ↗
55. 10.1016/j.cej.2023.14595310.1016/j.cej.2023.145953 ↗
56. 10.1016/j.snb.2023.13373810.1016/j.snb.2023.133738 ↗
57. 10.1016/j.microc.2024.11032710.1016/j.microc.2024.110327 ↗
58. 10.1016/j.aca.2024.34359010.1016/j.aca.2024.343590 ↗
59. 10.1002/smtd.20220046110.1002/smtd.202200461 ↗
60. 10.1016/j.microc.2024.11062410.1016/j.microc.2024.110624 ↗
61. 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf259310.1126/scitranslmed.aaf2593 ↗
62. 10.1039/D4LC00588K10.1039/D4LC00588K ↗
63. 10.1126/scitranslmed.ado536610.1126/scitranslmed.ado5366 ↗
64. 10.1002/advs.20210333110.1002/advs.202103331 ↗
65. 10.1007/s12274-021-3447-310.1007/s12274-021-3447-3 ↗
66. 10.1002/adma.20230405310.1002/adma.202304053 ↗
67. 10.1002/adom.20140051110.1002/adom.201400511 ↗
68. 10.1039/c3tc31139b10.1039/c3tc31139b ↗
69. 10.1021/cm010121d10.1021/cm010121d ↗
70. 10.3390/ijms908152710.3390/ijms9081527 ↗
71. 10.1002/adma.20180352410.1002/adma.201803524 ↗
72. 10.1002/adfm.20180762310.1002/adfm.201807623 ↗
73. 10.1002/adma.20160702210.1002/adma.201607022 ↗
74. 10.1002/adma.20160690010.1002/adma.201606900 ↗
75. 10.1002/adma.20120152110.1002/adma.201201521 ↗
76. 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b0041510.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00415 ↗
77. 10.1021/acssensors.0c0071810.1021/acssensors.0c00718 ↗
78. 10.1002/adhm.20210207010.1002/adhm.202102070 ↗
79. 10.1038/nmat325610.1038/nmat3256 ↗
80. 10.1002/adfm.20231619610.1002/adfm.202316196 ↗
81. 10.1039/D3CS00500C10.1039/D3CS00500C ↗
82. 10.1038/s41928-021-00556-210.1038/s41928-021-00556-2 ↗
83. 10.1038/s41467-019-13431-810.1038/s41467-019-13431-8 ↗
84. 10.1038/s41587-019-0321-x10.1038/s41587-019-0321-x ↗
85. 10.1038/s41551-023-01059-510.1038/s41551-023-01059-5 ↗
86. 10.1002/adfm.20220662010.1002/adfm.202206620 ↗
87. 10.1002/adfm.20200683910.1002/adfm.202006839 ↗
88. 10.1016/j.cej.2021.12986510.1016/j.cej.2021.129865 ↗
89. 10.1002/adfm.20220836210.1002/adfm.202208362 ↗
90. 10.1021/acssensors.4c0078010.1021/acssensors.4c00780 ↗
91. 10.1002/adhm.20210006210.1002/adhm.202100062 ↗
92. 10.1002/anie.20210304510.1002/anie.202103045 ↗
93. 10.1002/adma.20240557610.1002/adma.202405576 ↗
94. 10.1126/sciadv.aav329410.1126/sciadv.aav3294 ↗
95. 10.1073/pnas.161830711410.1073/pnas.1618307114 ↗
96. 10.1039/D3MH00340J10.1039/D3MH00340J ↗
97. 10.1021/acssensors.3c0186310.1021/acssensors.3c01863 ↗
98. 10.1002/adma.20190195810.1002/adma.201901958 ↗
99. 10.1021/acsami.1c1523810.1021/acsami.1c15238 ↗
100. 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.03.00610.1016/j.jcis.2022.03.006 ↗