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journal article·2023-10Open access

Colossal Optical Anisotropy from Atomic‐Scale Modulations

Hongyan Mei, Guodong Ren, Boyang Zhao, Jad Salman, Gwan Yeong Jung, Huandong Chen, Shantanu Singh, Arashdeep S. Thind, John Cavin, Jordan A. Hachtel, Miaofang Chi, Shanyuan Niu, Graham Joe, Chenghao Wan, Nick Settineri, Simon J. Teat, Bryan C. Chakoumakos, Jayakanth Ravichandran, Rohan Mishra, Mikhail A. Kats

Advanced Materials· Volume 35· Issue 42
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Source abstract

Abstract

Abstract Materials with large birefringence (Δn, where n is the refractive index) are sought after for polarization control (e.g., in wave plates, polarizing beam splitters, etc.), nonlinear optics, micromanipulation, and as a platform for unconventional light–matter coupling, such as hyperbolic phonon polaritons. Layered 2D materials can feature some of the largest optical anisotropy; however, their use in most optical systems is limited because their optical axis is out of the plane of the layers and the layers are weakly attached. This work demonstrates that a bulk crystal with subtle periodic modulations in its structure—Sr9/8TiS3—is transparent and positive‐uniaxial, with extraordinary index ne = 4.5 and ordinary index no = 2.4 in the mid‐ to far‐infrared. The excess Sr, compared to stoichiometric SrTiS3, results in the formation of TiS6 trigonal‐prismatic units that break the chains of face‐sharing TiS6 octahedra in SrTiS3 into periodic blocks of five TiS6 octahedral units. The additional electrons introduced by the excess Sr form highly oriented electron clouds, which selectively boost the extraordinary index ne and result in record birefringence (Δn > 2.1 with low loss). The connection between subtle structural modulations and large changes in refractive index suggests new categories of anisotropic materials and also tunable optical materials with large refractive‐index modulation.
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Research context

Nanomaterials

OpenAlex topics: 2D Materials and Applications · Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films · Perovskite Materials and Applications

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI 53706 USA

Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO 63130 USA

Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA

Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO 63130 USA

Department of Physics Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO 63130 USA

Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA

Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI 53706 USA

Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA

Neutron Scattering Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA

Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA

Core Center for Excellence in NanoImaging University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA

Funding

Office of Naval Research · National Science Foundation · Army Research Office · Air Force Office of Scientific Research

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