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journal article·2025-03Open access

Double Confinement Design to Access Highly Stable Intermetallic Nanoparticles for Fuel Cells

Lin Tian, Xiaoping Gao, Mengzhao Zhu, Zixiang Huang, Bei Wu, Cai Chen, Xianhui Ma, Yaner Ruan, Wenxin Guo, Xiangmin Meng, Huijuan Wang, Wubin Du, Shengnan He, Hongge Pan, Xusheng Zheng, Zhijun Wu, Huang Zhou, Jing Xia, Yuen Wu

Advanced Materials· Volume 37· Issue 12
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Abstract

Abstract Maintaining the stability of low Pt catalysts during prolonged operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) remains a substantial challenge. Here, a double confinement design is presented to significantly improve the stability of intermetallic nanoparticles while maintaining their high catalytic activity toward PEMFCs. First, a carbon shell is coated on the surface of nanoparticles to form carbon confinement. Second, O2 is introduced during the annealing process to selectively etch the carbon shell to expose the active surface, and to induce the segregation of surface transition metals to form Pt‐skin confinement. Overall, the intermetallic nanoparticles are protected by carbon confinement and Pt‐skin confinement to withstand the harsh environment of PEMFCs. Typically, the double confined Pt1Co1 catalyst exhibits an exceptional mass activity of 1.45 A mgPt−1 at 0.9 V in PEMFCs tests, with only a 17.3% decay after 30 000 cycles and no observed structure changes, outperforming most reported PtCo catalysts and DOE 2025 targets. Furthermore, the carbon confinement proportion can be controlled by varying the thickness of the coated carbon shell, and this strategy is also applicable to the synthesis of double‐confined Pt1Fe1 and Pt1Cu1 intermetallic nanoparticles.
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Research context

Metals & alloysNanomaterialsCatalysis & surfacesMaterials processing

OpenAlex topics: Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion · Fuel Cells and Related Materials · Advanced battery technologies research

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Endocrinology The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China

Deep Space Exploration Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China

School of New Energy Ningbo University of Technology Ningbo 315336 China

National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China

Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

Experimental Center of Engineering and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China

Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy Xi'an Technological University Xi'an 710021 China

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China · Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province · Key Technologies Research and Development Program of Anhui Province · National Key Research and Development Program of China

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