Nanoarchitectonics of Metal–Organic Framework and Nanocellulose Composites for Multifunctional Environmental Remediation

Abstract Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are widely used in environmental remediation due to their unique properties. However, their practical applications are significantly limited by its powder crystal form. To address these limitations, MOFs can be integrated with abundant and sustainable biomass‐derived nanocellulose (NC) to construct processable macroscopic architectures. Herein, this review discusses recent advances in the preparation of multi‐dimensional macroscopic materials from MOFs‐NC and their applications in environmental remediation, including dye adsorption and degradation, pharmaceutical removal, heavy metal ion capture, adsorption and degradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), CO ₂ capture and separation, particulate matter (PM) separation, and others. A summary of two commonly used strategies for preparing MOFs‐NC composites proposes a valuable insight on how processable macroscopic architectures can be effectively achieved. Furthermore, this review provides an overview of the structure‐property‐function relationship between multi‐dimensional MOFs‐NC composites and highlights their versatile applications in the remediation of polluted environments. The mechanisms, challenges, and future prospects of the material in removing environmental pollutants are also present in detail. This review aims to guide researchers in designing high‐performance, multi‐functional, sustainable, and scalable MOFs‐NC composites for future environmental remediation.