DataVXAdvanced MaterialsPaper
journal article·2017-10Open access

Twinned Growth of Metal‐Free, Triazine‐Based Photocatalyst Films as Mixed‐Dimensional (2D/3D) van der Waals Heterostructures

Dana Schwarz, Yu Noda, Jan Klouda, Karolina Schwarzová‐Pecková, Ján Tarábek, Jiří Rybáček, Jiří Janoušek, Frank Simon, Maksym V. Opanasenko, Jiří Čejka, Amitava Acharjya, Johannes Schmidt, Sören Selve, Valentin Reiter‐Scherer, Nikolai Severin, Jürgen P. Rabe, Petra Ecorchard, Junjie He, Miroslav Polozij, Petr Nachtigall, Michael J. Bojdys

Advanced Materials· Volume 29· Issue 40
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Source abstract

Abstract

Abstract Design and synthesis of ordered, metal‐free layered materials is intrinsically difficult due to the limitations of vapor deposition processes that are used in their making. Mixed‐dimensional (2D/3D) metal‐free van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures based on triazine (C3N3) linkers grow as large area, transparent yellow‐orange membranes on copper surfaces from solution. The membranes have an indirect band gap (Eg,opt = 1.91 eV, Eg,elec = 1.84 eV) and are moderately porous (124 m2 g−1). The material consists of a crystalline 2D phase that is fully sp2 hybridized and provides structural stability, and an amorphous, porous phase with mixed sp2–sp hybridization. Interestingly, this 2D/3D vdW heterostructure grows in a twinned mechanism from a one‐pot reaction mixture: unprecedented for metal‐free frameworks and a direct consequence of on‐catalyst synthesis. Thanks to the efficient type I heterojunction, electron transfer processes are fundamentally improved and hence, the material is capable of metal‐free, light‐induced hydrogen evolution from water without the need for a noble metal cocatalyst (34 µmol h−1 g−1 without Pt). The results highlight that twinned growth mechanisms are observed in the realm of “wet” chemistry, and that they can be used to fabricate otherwise challenging 2D/3D vdW heterostructures with composite properties.
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Research context

CompositesCatalysis & surfacesMaterials processing

OpenAlex topics: 2D Materials and Applications · MXene and MAX Phase Materials · Graphene research and applications

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Faculty of Science Department of Organic Chemistry Charles University Hlavova 8 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic

Faculty of Science Department of Analytical Chemistry Charles University Hlavova 8 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic

Faculty of Chemical Engineering Department of Analytical Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technická 3 160 00 Prague 6 Czech Republic

Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany

J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Dolejškova 2155/3 182 00 Prague 8 Czech Republic

Technische Universität Berlin Institute of Chemistry Hardenbergstr. 40 10623 Berlin Germany

Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Department of Physics Physics of Macromolecules Newtonstr. 15 12489 Berlin Germany

Materials Chemistry Department Institute of Inorganic Chemistry AS CR v.v.i. 250 68 Řež Czech Republic

Faculty of Science Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry Charles University Hlavova 8 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic

Funding

Grantová Agentura České Republiky · European Research Council

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