Source abstract
Abstract
Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have rapidly risen to the forefront of energy storage systems as a promising supplementary for Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Na3V2(PO4)2F3 (NVPF) as a common cathode of SIBs, features the merits of high operating voltage, small volume change and favorable specific energy density. However, it suffers from poor cycling stability and rate performance induced by its low intrinsic conductivity. Herein, we propose an ingenious strategy targeting superior SIBs through cross‐linked NVPF with multi‐dimensional nanocarbon frameworks composed of amorphous carbon and carbon nanotubes (NVPF@C@CNTs). This rational design ensures favorable particle size for shortened sodium ion transmission pathway as well as improved electronic transfer network, thus leading to enhanced charge transfer kinetics and superior cycling stability. Benefited from this unique structure, significantly improved electrochemical properties are obtained, including high specific capacity (126.9 mAh g−1 at 1 C, 1 C = 128 mA g−1) and remarkably improved long‐term cycling stability with 93.9% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 20 C. The energy density of 286.8 Wh kg−1 can be reached for full cells with hard carbon as anode (NVPF@C@CNTs//HC). Additionally, the electrochemical performance of the full cell at high temperature is also investigated (95.3 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 1 C at 50 °C). Such nanoscale dual‐carbon networks engineering and thorough discussion of ion diffusion kinetics might make contributions to accelerating the process of phosphate cathodes in SIBs for large‐scale energy storages.
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Affiliations
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 China
College of Material and Chemical Engineering Tongren University Tongren 554300 China
Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N. T. Hong Kong S.A.R. China
Faculty of Science and Engineering Manchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK
State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy Central South University Changsha 410083 China
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan 411201 China
School of Materials and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
Funding
Guizhou Science and Technology Department · National Natural Science Foundation of China