journal article·2019-04Open access

Do Images of Biskyrmions Show Type‐II Bubbles?

James C. Loudon, Alison C. Twitchett‐Harrison, David Cortés‐Ortuño, Max T. Birch, Luke A. Turnbull, Aleš Štefančič, Feodor Y. Ogrin, Erick O. Burgos‐Parra, Nicholas Bukin, Angus Laurenson, Horia Popescu, Marijan Beg, Ondrej Hovorka, Hans Fangohr, Paul A. Midgley, Geetha Balakrishnan, Peter D. Hatton

Advanced Materials· Volume 31· Issue 16

Abstract

Abstract The intense research effort investigating magnetic skyrmions and their applications for spintronics has yielded reports of more exotic objects including the biskyrmion, which consists of a bound pair of counter‐rotating vortices of magnetization. Biskyrmions have been identified only from transmission electron microscopy images and have not been observed by other techniques, nor seen in simulations carried out under realistic conditions. Here, quantitative Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray holography, and micromagnetic simulations are combined to search for biskyrmions in MnNiGa, a material in which they have been reported. Only type‐I and type‐II magnetic bubbles are found and images purported to show biskyrmions can be explained as type‐II bubbles viewed at an angle to their axes. It is not the magnetization but the magnetic flux density resulting from this object that forms the counter‐rotating vortices.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Characterization and Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles · Magnetic properties of thin films · Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of Cambridge 27 Charles Babbage Road Cambridge CB3 0FS UK

Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK

Department of Physics University of Durham Durham DH1 3LE UK

Department of Physics University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK

School of Physics and Astronomy University of Exeter Exeter EX4 4QL UK

Synchrotron SOLEIL Saint Aubin, BP 48 91192 Gif‐sur‐Yvette France

European XFEL GmbH Holzkoppel 4 22869 Schenefeld Germany

Funding

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

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