Unlocking Efficient Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Through Ru–Sn Dual Metal Sites and a Novel Hydroxyl Spillover Effect

Abstract Alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has great potential in practical hydrogen production but is still limited by the lack of active and stable electrocatalysts. Herein, the efficient water dissociation process, fast transfer of adsorbed hydroxyl and optimized hydrogen adsorption are first achieved on a cooperative electrocatalyst, named as Ru–Sn/SnO₂ NS, in which the Ru–Sn dual metal sites and SnO₂ heterojunction are constructed based on porous Ru nanosheet. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations and in situ infrared spectra suggest that Ru–Sn dual sites can optimize the water dissociation process and hydrogen adsorption, while the existence of SnO₂ can induce the unique hydroxyl spillover effect, accelerating the hydroxyl transfer process and avoiding the poison of active sites. As results, Ru–Sn/SnO₂ NS display remarkable alkaline HER performance with an extremely low overpotential (12 mV at 10 mA cm⁻²) and robust stability (650 h), much superior to those of Ru NS (27 mV at 10 mA cm⁻² with 90 h stability) and Ru–Sn NS (16 mV at 10 mA cm⁻² with 120 h stability). The work sheds new light on designing of efficient alkaline HER electrocatalyst.