journal article·2026-05-22Open access

Coaxial Core–Shell Carbon–Tin Sulfide Nanohybrids as High‐Performance Electrodes for Long‐Life Supercapacitors

Anjana Baby, Janez Zavasnik, Janez Kovač, Neelakandan M. Santhosh

Abstract

As emerging high‐power energy devices, supercapacitors require electrode materials that enable fast charge transport at high current and long‐term stability. In this regard, integrating electric double‐layer capacitance with pseudocapacitive behavior in metal sulfide–carbon nanohybrids is a promising strategy to enhance both capacitance and cycling stability. Herein, a coaxial core–shell carbon–tin sulfide nanohybrid is designed as a high‐performance binder‐free electrode using a rapid plasma‐assisted dry approach, enabling uniform overgrowth of layered SnS on vertical nanocarbon (VCN) to form SnS@VCN. The strong interface interaction and conductive carbon framework synergistically enhance ion transport and structural stability, resulting in one of the best SnS‐based electrode performances by delivering a high specific capacitance of 577 F g −1 (242 C g −1 ) at 3 A g −1 and retaining 72% of its capacitance at 12 A g −1 with a remarkable cyclic stability of 115% capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles. An asymmetric SnS@VCN//AC device further delivers a specific capacitance of 17.8 F g −1 and ultrahigh cyclic stability, with 140% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles. The interplay between the plasma‐tailored interface and hierarchical core–shell morphology effectively overcomes the rate and stability limitations of conventional battery‐type electrodes, offering a scalable, environmentally benign pathway toward ultra‐stable, high‐rate energy storage materials for advanced supercapacitors.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication · Advancements in Battery Materials · Graphene research and applications

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Gaseous Electronics (F6) Jožef Stefan Institute Jamova cesta 39 Ljubljana SI‐1000 Slovenia

Max‐Planck‐Institut für Nachhaltige Materialien Max‐Planck‐Straße 1 40074 Düsseldorf Germany

Department of Surface Engineering (F4) Jožef Stefan Institute 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia

Funding

HORIZON EUROPE Widening participation and spreading excellence · Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS · H2020 Spreading Excellence and Widening Participation

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