Enhanced Stiffness of Amorphous Polymer Surfaces under Confinement of Localized Contact Loads
Source abstract
Abstract
For contact depths < 200 nm from the free surface of amorphous polymers, the apparent mechanical stiffness is in excess of bulk elastic properties. This enhanced stiffness can be attributed to the dynamic formation of a mechanically distinct interphase at synthetic and biological polymer interfaces. In “glassy” polymers such as polystyrene, this enhanced stiffness is independent of molecular weight, processing route, and environmental conditions.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Adhesion, Friction, and Surface Interactions · Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity · Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (60)
Show source-provided references
1. 10.1038/nmat98010.1038/nmat980 ↗
2. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.200210.1103/PhysRevLett.77.2002 ↗
3. 10.1002/ijch.19950000510.1002/ijch.199500005 ↗
4. 10.1021/ma051143e10.1021/ma051143e ↗
5. 10.1126/science.111221710.1126/science.1112217 ↗
6. 10.1088/0953-8984/17/15/R0110.1088/0953-8984/17/15/R01 ↗
7. 10.1038/nmat144710.1038/nmat1447 ↗
8. 10.1021/ma062864w10.1021/ma062864w ↗
9. 10.1063/1.147631510.1063/1.1476315 ↗
10. 10.1021/ma00023a03410.1021/ma00023a034 ↗
11. 10.1126/science.106058510.1126/science.1060585 ↗
12. 10.1021/ma060790i10.1021/ma060790i ↗
13. 10.1098/rspa.1996.002310.1098/rspa.1996.0023 ↗
14. 10.1002/1521-3900(200103)167:1<15::AID-MASY15>3.0.CO;2-T10.1002/1521-3900(200103)167:1<15::AID-MASY15>3.0.CO;2-T ↗
15. 10.1063/1.141799010.1063/1.1417990 ↗
16. 10.1063/1.218915610.1063/1.2189156 ↗
17. 10.1080/0141861020823571910.1080/01418610208235719 ↗
18. 10.1063/1.242994110.1063/1.2429941 ↗
19. 10.1063/1.239879710.1063/1.2398797 ↗
20. 10.1002/polb.2059810.1002/polb.20598 ↗
21. 10.1088/0022-3727/39/16/02110.1088/0022-3727/39/16/021 ↗
22. 10.1016/j.mser.2004.05.00110.1016/j.mser.2004.05.001 ↗
23. 10.1088/0957-0233/16/11/00710.1088/0957-0233/16/11/007 ↗
24. 10.1103/PhysRevE.58.610910.1103/PhysRevE.58.6109 ↗
25. O'Connell P. A. · Science · 2005 · 310 · 1431
26. 10.1140/epje/i2005-10125-410.1140/epje/i2005-10125-4 ↗
27. 10.1038/nmat117510.1038/nmat1175 ↗
28. 10.1557/jmr.2006.019710.1557/jmr.2006.0197 ↗
29. 10.1088/0022-3727/31/19/00610.1088/0022-3727/31/19/006 ↗
30. 10.1016/S0032-3861(02)00709-710.1016/S0032-3861(02)00709-7 ↗
31. 10.1016/0032-3861(83)90241-010.1016/0032-3861(83)90241-0 ↗
32. 10.1051/jp2:199621710.1051/jp2:1996217 ↗
33. 10.1016/S1089-3156(98)00012-910.1016/S1089-3156(98)00012-9 ↗
34. 10.1002/pol.1976.18014080610.1002/pol.1976.180140806 ↗
35. 10.1002/polb.2092510.1002/polb.20925 ↗
36. R.F. Brady Comprehensive Desk Reference of Polymer Characterization and Analysis Oxford University Press Washington DC2003.
37. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.17780310.1103/PhysRevLett.96.177803 ↗
38. 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.12.06210.1016/j.jcis.2005.12.062 ↗
39. 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.08.02810.1016/j.jcis.2005.08.028 ↗
40. 10.1557/PROC-0924-Z07-0810.1557/PROC-0924-Z07-08 ↗
41. 10.1021/j100705a01210.1021/j100705a012 ↗
42. 10.1063/1.114976910.1063/1.1149769 ↗
43. 10.1063/1.138021810.1063/1.1380218 ↗
44. 10.1038/nmat98610.1038/nmat986 ↗
45. 10.1021/la00022a07810.1021/la00022a078 ↗
46. 10.1007/s11249-006-9030-y10.1007/s11249-006-9030-y ↗
47. 10.1007/BF0055167510.1007/BF00551675 ↗
48. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.07610310.1103/PhysRevLett.94.076103 ↗
49. 10.1140/epje/i2004-10078-010.1140/epje/i2004-10078-0 ↗
50. 10.1126/science.113055710.1126/science.1130557 ↗
51. 10.1038/nmat147010.1038/nmat1470 ↗
52. 10.1083/jcb.113.1.15510.1083/jcb.113.1.155 ↗
53. 10.1021/ma061210k10.1021/ma061210k ↗
54. 10.1557/JMR.1992.156410.1557/JMR.1992.1564 ↗
55. 10.1016/0020-7225(65)90019-410.1016/0020-7225(65)90019-4 ↗
56. 10.1016/j.msea.2006.05.12510.1016/j.msea.2006.05.125 ↗
57. 10.1098/rsta.1949.000910.1098/rsta.1949.0009 ↗
58. This substrate proximity effect was predicted forhc> 20 nm in these SC films (tf= 1140 nm) from finite element simulations for a Mooney‐Rivlin constitutive model[53]polymer film of effectiveE= 3.2 GPa and Poisson's ratio υ = 0.4 contacted by a probe of radiusR= 500 nm (data not shown).
59. In CM PS‐12k Eforhc< 50 nm were statistically greater than those ofhc>150 nm while only the smallest indentation in CM PM‐15k hc∼ 5 nm yielded statistically significant increases inEcompared to the deepest indentation in that material (statistics via student t‐test p< 0.05). To our knowledge analysis ofTgdepression has not been reported for PC. On a non‐normalized scale Eof PC ranged ∼3.5 to 7 GPa whereasEof PS ranged from 5.5 to 11 GPa over the samehc. This comparatively greater compliance of PC is consistent with our own and others' uniaxial measurements of bulk PC and PS e.g. http://www.matweb.com.
60. Note that the effective film thicknesses predicted by the model 125 nm (PS‐12k) and 525 nm (PS‐197k) correspond to the distance from the free surface over which variation in structural relaxation has also been measured in this polymer[5].