An Investigation of the Use of Polyaniline (PANI)/Chlorine-Doped Graphene Oxide (Cl-GO)/Lead(IV)Oxide Composite Electrodes in Supercapacitor Systems

Ternary composites consisting of polyaniline (PANI), chlorine-doped graphene oxide (Cl-GO), and lead dioxide (lead(IV)oxide, PbO ₂ ) were synthesized, and their use as electrode materials in asymmetric-type supercapacitors was investigated. Cl-GO was synthesized through a one-step process at room temperature using the chronoamperometric method, while PANI was prepared via chemical synthesis. Two distinct systems were fabricated using different electrolytes: 1.0 M H₂SO₄ for the PPGO1 system and 1.0 M KOH for the PPGO2 system. The conductive polymer and heteroatom-doped graphene oxide were characterized using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analyses confirmed the successful synthesis of heteroatom-doped graphene oxide, and the FT-IR spectrum of PANI confirmed the successful formation of polyaniline. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy images of the synthesized components demonstrated that they were successfully produced. Fabricated supercapacitors were characterized using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. At a scan rate of 10 mV s ⁻¹ , the supercapacitor fabricated using the Cl-GO/PANI/PbO₂ electrode exhibited specific capacitance values of 97 mF cm ⁻² for PPGO1 and 54 mF cm ⁻² for PPGO2. These results highlight the potential of this material as a promising electrode for future high-performance, fast-charging, and long-life supercapacitor applications.