The influence of moisture content on strength of window corner joint
Source abstract
Abstract
The tendency to improve the energy efficiency of windows has led to an increase in the number of panes used. The greater weight of the window sash leads to a loss of its geometry during normal usage. This deformation of geometry is caused by its own weight, and thus reduces the efficiency of preventing heat loss. All the positive effects that are obtained by using multiple panes of glass are thus lost. As window manufacturers often try to cut production costs by shortening the time of kiln drying, this paper researches the effect of using elements with different moisture content. Articles on similar topics were reviewed and it was found that there were no available data on the researched topic. Only about 20 different articles on similar topics were found, but the starting conditions or input was greatly different. Also, there are no official standards that cover the strength of window corner joints. This paper analyzes the influence of the change in moisture of the elements on the strength of the joint. Three groups of window corner joint samples were examined. The first group of samples was the control group that was supposed to determine the strength of the joint when the window beams were made with the recommended moisture according to a corresponding standard (12 +/- 2%). In the second and third groups, the moisture of the beams was taken as a variable factor, namely the moisture content of 18 +/- 2%. The results of this study show that the strength values of the currently used corner joints (double mortise and tenon) are different at different moisture contents. As expected, the samples with the recommended moisture content had higher strength values than the samples with the higher moisture content. There are many challenges in proper kiln drying and the final moisture content has a crucial impact on window strength. As windows have a specific purpose in buildings, they should have sufficient strength to be properly used over a long period. These obtained results should demonstrate the importance of the moisture content of wooden beams used in window production.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Wood Treatment and Properties · Hygrothermal properties of building materials · Building materials and conservation
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (33)
Show source-provided references
1. Altinok, Mustafa, Semsettin Doruk, Ali Arslan, and L. Gürleyen. 2013. “Determination of the Effects of Wood Types and Impregnation Process in Performance of the Window Frames Corner Joints.” Wood Research 58 (January): 275–84.
2. Altınok, M., N. Döngel, C. Söğütlü, and Ș Doruk. 2010. “Determination of diagonal compression performance of the wooden joinery corner joints with mortise and tenon.” Kastamonu Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 10 (2): 96–101. https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20113038352.
3. Banjac, Miloš, Maja Todorović, Filip Kulić, Branislav Živković, Milan Ristanović, Radoslav Galić, Dejan Đukanović, Maja Matejić, and Ljiljana Brdarević. 2017. Priručnik Za Energetske Menadžere Za Oblast Energetike Zgrada. Beograd: Program Ujedinjenih nacija za razvoj (UNDP).
4. Barboutis, Ioannis (John), and Theodosios Melissides. 2011. “Influence of the Time between Machining and Assembly of Mortise and Tenon Joints on Tension Strength of T-Type Joints,” January, 23–29.
5. Denizli Tankut, Nurgul. 2007. “The Effect of Glue and Glueline Thickness on the Strength of Mortise and Tenon Joints.” Wood Research 52 (January): 69–78.
6. Derikvand, M., M. Dalvand, S. Maleki, and G. Ebrahimi. 2015. “Numerical Analysis of Semi-Rigid Furniture Connections Using FEM.” https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS-OF-SEMI-RIGID-FURNITURE-USING-Derikvand-Dalvand/b7a3c4d22ad0ed6a0f47da0f5178e672c4c42dd0.
7. 10.1007/s11676-014-0479-510.1007/s11676-014-0479-5 ↗
8. Derikvand, Mohammad, Ghanbar Ebrahimi, and Carl Albert Eckelman. 2014. “Bending Moment Capacity of Mortise and Loose-Tenon Joints.” Wood and Fiber Science, April, 159–66. https://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/668.
9. Eckelman, Carl, and Yusuf Erdil. 2000. “Joint Design Manual for Furniture Frames Constructed of Plywood and Oriented Strand-Board.” In.
10. 10.1007/s00107-020-01509-w10.1007/s00107-020-01509-w ↗
11. Erdil, Yusuf, Ali Kasal, and C. Eckelman. 2005. “Bending Moment Capacity of Rectangular Mortise and Tenon Furniture Joints.” Forest Products Journal 55 (December).
12. Fahy, Frances, Gary Goggins, and Charlotte Jensen. 2019. Energy Demand Challenges in Europe - Implications for Policy, Planning and Practice. Switzerland: Springer Nature. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-030-20339-9.
13. 10.5552/drind.2013.124810.5552/drind.2013.1248 ↗
14. ift Rosenheim. 2008. “Frame Corner Joints for Wooden Windows - Requirements, Testing and Assesment.” Rosenheim: Das Institut flir Fenster und Fassaden, Toren und Tore, Glas und Baustoffe.
15. Joščak, P., and P. Kollar. 2007. “Strength Characteristics of Hoffmann-Schwalbe Corner Joints of Window Sash.” Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, 291–95.
16. Karjalainen, Sami. 2009. “Thermal Comfort and Use of Thermostats in Finnish Homes and Offices.” Building and Environment 44 (6): 1237–45. https://www.academia.edu/31622675/Thermal_comfort_and_use_of_thermostats_in_Finnish_homes_and_offices.10.1016/j.buildenv.2008.09.002 ↗
17. Kolin, Branko. 2000. Hidrotermička Obrada Drveta. II. JUGOSLAVIJAPUBLIK.
18. Martinovic, Dunja, Izet Horman, and Seid Hajdarevic. 2008. “Stress Distribution in Wooden Corner Joints.” Strojarstvo 50 (July): 193–204.
19. Ognjanović, Milisav. 2008. Mašinski elementi. Beograd: Mašinski fakultet.
20. 10.1080/01694243.2013.82709310.1080/01694243.2013.827093 ↗
21. 10.1080/17480272.2014.93971210.1080/17480272.2014.939712 ↗
22. 10.1007/s00107-003-0386-510.1007/s00107-003-0386-5 ↗
23. Podlena, Milan, Martin Böhm, Martin Múčka, and Jan Bomba. 2017. “Determination of the Bending Moment of a Dowel and Tenon Joint on Window Profile IV 92 of a Wooden Window.” BioResources 12 (2): 4202–13. https://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/view/BioRes_12_2_4202_Podlena_Determination_Bending_Moment_Dowel_Tenon.10.15376/biores.12.2.4202-4213 ↗
24. Podlena, Milan, Vlastimil Borůvka, and Jan Bomba. 2015. “The Strength Determination of Corner Joints Used for Wooden Windows.” In.
25. Potrebić, Milan. 1970. “Joint Tolerance as Effecting Factor on Strength of Mortise Joint.” Belgrade: University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry.
26. ———. 1994. Drvne Konstrukcije 1. Beograd: Makarije.
27. Skakić, Dušan, and Igor Džinčić. 2006. “Uticaj Vida Naleganja Na Čvrstoću Spoja Čep-Žljeb Kod Stolica.” Prerada Drveta 15–16.
28. Skakić, Dušan, and Svetlana Janićijević. n.d. “Effect of Type of Joint, Machining Precision, and Type of Fit on the Strength of the Joints in Chairs.” Drvarski Glasnik, 21–25.
29. Skakić, Dušan, and Almir Krdžović. 2002. Finalna Prerada Drveta. Beograd: Šumarski fakultet.
30. Smardzewski, Jerzy, and Tomasz Papuga. 2004. “Stress Distribution in Angle Joints of Skeleton Furniture.” Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities 7 (1). http://www.ejpau.media.pl/volume7/issue1/wood/art-05.html.
31. Todorović, B. 2009. Postrojenje Za Centralno Grejanje. Beograd: Mašinski fakultet.
32. Vasiljević, B, and M Banjac. 2010. Priručnik Za Termodinamiku - Tabele i Dijagrami. Beograd: Mašinski fakultet.
33. Zrnić, P, D Zrnić, J Zrnić, Lj Trbuhović, R Trbojević, Đ Zloković, B Selendić, et al. 1984. Tehničar - Građevinski Priručnik. IX. Beograd: Građevinska knjiga.