3D Digital Light Processing of Redox‐Active Polymers for Electrochemical Applications

Abstract A novel approach for the 3D printing of electrochemically switchable conducting polymers by combining Digital Light Processing (DLP) with the redox‐activity of carbazole‐based polymer materials is presented. Complex 2D and 3D architectures are accessible by fast and versatile processing using a novel ink formulation. The printed polymer materials not only retain their redox‐active response, but enable post‐printing electrochemical manipulation throughout the printed structure, here demonstrated by elongation of the redox system via electrochemical crosslinking. Cyclic voltammetry coupled with in‐situ spectroscopy provides insights into these redox processes and the optical changes during electrochemical doping of the 3D printed structures. Highlights include pixel‐level electrochemical control via a chessboard design and color front visualization through a pyramid architecture. The integration of high‐resolution 3D printing with redox‐active materials opens new avenues in a wide range of applications in 3D printed (opto)electronics and switchable electrochemical devices.