journal article·2026-02

Single‐Precursor Laser‐Written Heterogeneous Oxide Array for Olfactory Sensing

Yaoxuan Cui, Feng Xu, Qingpeng Cao, Libin Qian, Xubin Zheng, Zefeng Shen, Fenni Zhang, Ming Chen, Xiao Liang, Di Wang

Advanced Functional Materials· Volume 36· Issue 15
Publisher page

Abstract

Abstract Biomimetic olfactory systems utilizing cross‐sensitive sensing arrays can detect and discriminate odors–a fundamental perceptual modality lacking in most intelligent systems. A primary implementation barrier lies in the inherent complexity of fabricating heterogeneous sensing arrays. Herein, a laser‐programmable direct‐writing strategy for single‐step fabrication of heterogeneous transition metal oxide (TMO) arrays from a single precursor is reported. By precisely tuning laser parameters, in situ synthesis and continuous compositional modulation of multinary TMO heterostructures are achieved within millisecond timescales. Each fine‐tuned TMO demonstrates distinct selectivity, and their combination generates signature patterns for different volatile organic compounds and complex odor mixtures. Phase analysis in combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, elucidates that phase transitions among competing oxide phases follow Boltzmann distributions governed by transient thermal gradient dynamics. DFT calculations of the electronic density of states further reveal the gas sensing mechanisms of laser‐direct‐written TMO heterostructures with varying surface phases. In addition to the new insights into laser‐induced phase transformations in TMOs, this work establishes a highly efficient and scalable strategy for fabricating olfactory sensing arrays.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies · Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors · Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Multi‐omics Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Diseases Department of General Surgery Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang 310016 China

Science and Education Integration College of Energy and Carbon Neutrality Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China

Research Center for Frontier Fundamental Studies Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou 311121 China

Department of Biomedical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310007 China

State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion School of Energy and Power Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China

Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment Hangzhou Zhejiang 310016 China

Zhejiang University Cancer Center Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China

School of Medicine Shaoxing University Shaoxing Zhejiang 312000 China

School of Intelligent Science and Technology Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou 310024 China

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China

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