Two‐Dimensional Bi‐Based Materials for Electrochemical Energy Conversions: Preparations, Mechanisms, and Challenges

Abstract The prospective commercialization of energy‐efficient electrochemical energy conversion is promising in addressing the issues of renewable energy storage, and retarding the excessive emissions of greenhouse gases. The spatially anisotropic p‐ and s‐p heterogeneities of Bi result in a high dispersion of the band structure, which effectively increases the mobility of electrons and makes it a superior catalyst for electrochemical energy conversion reactions. Additionally, its low toxicity and environmental benignity merits align with the principles of green sustainable development. Moreover, the 2D structure exposes large quantities of active sites, which facilitates the transport of electrons and the adsorption of intermediates. Therefore, 2D Bi‐based materials demonstrate significant advancement in various electrochemical energy conversion reactions, which are systematically illuminated in this review. This review commences with the introduction of the synthetic strategies of 2D Bi‐based materials. Subsequently, the performances of 2D Bi‐based materials in electrochemical energy conversion reactions and devices are summarized, and the effects of the manipulation of active sites on the adsorption property of intermediates so as to the reaction activity/selectivity are elucidated. Finally, an outlook on the achievements and challenges of 2D Bi‐based materials for electrochemical energy conversion technologies is proposed.