journal article·2026-03Open access

Polarization‐Encoded Lenticular Nano‐Printing with Single‐Layer Metasurfaces

Lin Deng, Ziqiang Cai, Kaixuan Li, Zhou Zhou, Cheng‐Wei Qiu, Yongmin Liu

Advanced Functional Materials· Volume 36· Issue 19

Abstract

Abstract Metasurface‐based nano‐printing has enabled ultrahigh‐resolution grayscale or color image displays. However, the maximum number of independent nano‐printing images achieved with one single‐layer metasurface remains limited. This work substantially pushes the multiplexing capacity of nano‐printing by mapping images observed at distinct viewing angles to different regions in Fourier space, while simultaneously controlling the complex electric field across multiple polarization channels. The proposed Polarization‐Encoded Lenticular Nano‐Printing (POLLEN) approach, aided by a modified evolutionary algorithm, enables the display of multiple images based on the viewing angles, similar to traditional lenticular printing but without requiring a lenticular layer. In addition, it expands the display functionality to encompass multiple polarization states. Empowered by the ability to control the complex amplitude of three polarization channels, generation of 13 distinct gray‐scale Chinese ink wash painting images, 49 binary patterns, and three sets of 3D nano‐printing images totaling 25 unique visuals was numerically and experimentally demonstrated. These results present the highest number of recorded images with ultrahigh resolution to date, opening new opportunities in modern optical applications, including but not limited to optical encryption, optical data storage, lightweight displays, augmented reality, and virtual reality.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications · Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies · Advanced Materials and Mechanics

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Affiliations

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northeastern University Boston MA 02115 USA

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117583 Singapore

Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Northeastern University Boston MA 02115 USA

Funding

National Science Foundation

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