Evaluation of Thermal Residual Stress after Firing for Porcelain/Alloy Veneer

Thermal residual stress and deformation of porcelain/alloy restoration, which is a three-layered veneer plate model, were calculated by the theory of statically indeterminate beam and the finite element method. The factors that have the greatest effect on thermal residual stress in the veneer are coefficient of thermal expansion, modulus of elasticity and thickness of the layers. The relation between these factors and thermal residual stress after firing were studied. The effect of physical and mechanical properties of the intermediate oxide layers and the effect of firing two laminated porcelains on metal were examined from these calculating results.