Biomimetic Lamellar Chitosan Scaffold for Soft Gingival Tissue Regeneration

Abstract Mucogingival surgery has become a common procedure for soft gingival tissue reparation in dental clinical practice, which mainly relies on autograft or commercial collagen membranes (CM). However, the autograft faces grand challenges in source availability and long‐term post‐surgery pain management, and the CM is restricted by its poor mechanical properties in an aqueous environment. Here, it is reported that a bio‐inspired lamellar chitosan scaffold (LCS) with long range ordered porous structure, manufactured through a bidirectional freezing method, can serve as a promising gingival tissue engineering material. The LCS not only exhibits excellent mechanical properties in the hydrated state but also accelerates vessel formation and soft tissue regeneration in vivo. Most interestingly, the LCS is found to be capable of inducing macrophage differentiation to M2 macrophages, which is thought to play an important role in tissue regeneration. These advantages combined with its easy and low‐cost preparation process make the LCS a promising candidate for dental clinical applications.