Critical aspects in the reliable assessment of the activity data for electrocatalytic materials
Source abstract
Abstract
The field of electrocatalysis has attracted significant attention during the last decades, resulting in a substantial increase in the number of published articles devoted to the evaluation of novel electrocatalytic materials. However, along with the progress in the field, this also resulted in increasing contradictions between the published results, often due to underestimation of various factors that can significantly affect the electrochemical and electrocatalytic properties of the studied materials. Here, we discuss some of these factors that, if not properly considered, can result in pitfalls and even wrong conclusions during the analysis of electrocatalytic materials.
Source: expertdata · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion · Electrochemical Analysis and Applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (64)
Show source-provided references
1. Toward benchmarking in catalysis science: best practices, challenges, and opportunities10.1021/acscatal.6b00183 ↗
2. Classifying and benchmarking high-entropy alloys and associated materials for electrocatalysis: a brief review of best practices
3. Recent advances in the understanding of nickel-based catalysts for the oxidation of hydrogen-containing fuels in alkaline media10.1021/acscatal.0c00101 ↗
4. Experimental protocol for HOR and ORR in alkaline electrochemical measurements10.1149/2.0011815jes ↗
5. Effect of dissolved glassware on the structure-sensitive part of the Cu(111) voltammogram in KOH10.1021/acsenergylett.9b01064 ↗
6. Use of platinum as the counter electrode to study the activity of nonprecious metal catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00219 ↗
7. Best practice for evaluating electrocatalysts for hydrogen economy10.1021/acsami.0c03307 ↗
8. A comparative study on gold and platinum dissolution in acidic and alkaline media10.1149/2.0881412jes ↗
9. Applicability of platinum as a counter-electrode material in electrocatalysis research10.1021/acscatal.1c06040 ↗
10. An electrochemical cell configuration incorporating an ion conducting membrane separator between reference and working electrode10.1016/S1452-3981(23)15133-9 ↗
11. Oxygen reduction reaction measurements on platinum electrocatalysts utilizing rotating disk electrode technique: I. Impact of impurities, measurement protocols and applied corrections10.1149/2.1071509jes ↗
12. Effects of Fe electrolyte impurities on Ni(OH)2/NiOOH structure and oxygen evolution activity10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b00105 ↗
13. Nickel–Iron oxyhydroxide oxygen-evolution electrocatalysts: the role of intentional and incidental iron incorporation10.1021/ja502379c ↗
14. Purification of residual Ni and Co hydroxides from Fe-free alkaline electrolyte for electrocatalysis studies10.1002/celc.202200279 ↗
15. Challenges and prospects in the catalysis of electroreduction of nitrogen to ammonia10.1038/s41929-019-0252-4 ↗
16. Electrochemical oxidation of D-glucose in alkaline medium: impact of oxidation potential and chemical side reactions on the selectivity to D-gluconic and D-glucaric acid10.1002/celc.201901592 ↗
17. Insights into the borohydride electrooxidation reaction on metallic nickel from operando FTIRS, on-line DEMS and DFT10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138721 ↗
18. Substrate selection for fundamental studies of electrocatalysts and photoelectrodes: inert potential windows in acidic, neutral, and basic electrolyte10.1371/journal.pone.0107942 ↗
19. Challenges in the understanding oxygen reduction electrocatalysis on transition metal oxides10.1016/j.coelec.2018.09.010 ↗
20. Why standard electrokinetic analysis often fails for nanostructured electrodes - reviewing inhomogeneous electroactivity10.1016/j.coelec.2023.101225 ↗
21. Oxygen reduction reaction measurements on platinum electrocatalysts utilizing rotating disk electrode technique: II. Influence of ink formulation, catalyst layer uniformity and thickness10.1149/2.0551512jes ↗
22. On the preparation and testing of fuel cell catalysts using the thin film rotating disk electrode method
23. Using ultrasound to effectively homogenise catalyst inks: is this approach still acceptable? : recommendations on the use of ultrasound for mixing catalyst inks10.1595/205651321X16196162869695 ↗
24. Impact of film drying procedures on RDE characterization of Pt/VC electrocatalysts10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.09.016 ↗
25. OER catalyst durability tests using the rotating disk electrode technique: the reason why this leads to erroneous conclusions10.1021/acsaem.0c01944 ↗
26. Microscopic bubble accumulation: the missing factor in evaluating oxygen evolution catalyst stability during accelerated stress tests10.1021/acscatal.2c03881 ↗
27. Evolution of a GDE setup: beyond ambient conditions
28. Benchmarking proton exchange membrane fuel cell cathode catalyst at high current density: a comparison between the rotating disk electrode, the gas diffusion electrode and differential cell10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.232491 ↗
29. A bird's eye perspective of the measurement of oxygen reduction reaction in gas diffusion electrode half-cell set-ups for Pt electrocatalysts in acidic media
30. Self-supported electrocatalysts for practical water electrolysis
31. Developments and perspectives of oxide-based catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction10.1039/C4CY00669K ↗
32. Stabilization of non-noble metal electrocatalysts for acidic oxygen evolution reaction
33. The stability challenges of oxygen evolving catalysts: towards a common fundamental understanding and mitigation of catalyst degradation10.1002/anie.201608601 ↗
34. Electrocatalysis on oxide surfaces: fundamental challenges and opportunities
35. Metal–metal (hydr)oxide heterostructures for electrocatalysis of hydrogen electrode reactions
36. Catalyst stability considerations for electrochemical energy conversion with non-noble metals: do we measure on what we synthesized?10.1021/acsenergylett.3c00021 ↗
37. The stability number as a metric for electrocatalyst stability benchmarking10.1038/s41929-018-0085-6 ↗
38. Limitations of aqueous model systems in the stability assessment of electrocatalysts for oxygen reactions in fuel cell and electrolyzers
39. OER catalyst stability investigation using RDE technique: a stability measure or an artifact?10.1149/2.0301908jes ↗
40. On the limitations in assessing stability of oxygen evolution catalysts using aqueous model electrochemical cells10.1038/s41467-021-22296-9 ↗
41. Capabilities and limitations of rotating disk electrodes versus membrane electrode assemblies in the investigation of electrocatalysts10.1038/s41929-022-00776-5 ↗
42. Mn2O3 oxide with bixbyite structure for the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media: highly active if properly manipulated10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137378 ↗
43. How to reliably report the overpotential of an electrocatalyst10.1021/acsenergylett.0c00321 ↗
44. On the importance of correcting for the uncompensated Ohmic resistance in model experiments of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction10.1016/j.jelechem.2010.05.016 ↗
45. Accurate determination of catalyst loading on glassy carbon disk and its impact on thin film rotating disk electrode for oxygen reduction reaction10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02697 ↗
46. Real surface area measurements in electrochemistry10.1016/0022-0728(92)80162-W ↗
47. Electrochemical methods of real surface area determination of noble metal electrodes - an overview10.20964/2016.06.71 ↗
48. Benchmarking in electrocatalysis
49. Critical practices in rigorously assessing the inherent activity of nanoparticle electrocatalysts10.1021/acscatal.0c03028 ↗
50. Recommended practices and benchmark activity for hydrogen and oxygen electrocatalysis in water splitting and fuel cells10.1002/adma.201806296 ↗
51. Seven steps to reliable cyclic voltammetry measurements for the determination of double layer capacitance
52. How reproducible are surface areas calculated from the BET equation?
53. Unique electrochemical adsorption properties of Pt-skin surfaces10.1002/anie.201107668 ↗
54. Benchmarking heterogeneous electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction10.1021/ja407115p ↗
55. Best practices in using foam-type electrodes for electrocatalytic performance benchmark10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01958 ↗
56. Insight on Tafel slopes from a microkinetic analysis of aqueous electrocatalysis for energy conversion10.1038/srep13801 ↗
57. Sub- and Super-Nernstian Tafel slopes can result from reversible electron transfer coupled to either preceding or following chemical reaction10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114942 ↗
58. A simple and effective method for the accurate extraction of kinetic parameters using differential Tafel plots10.1038/s41598-021-87951-z ↗
59. Some thoughts about reporting the electrocatalytic performance of nanomaterials
60. Materials electrochemists' never-ending quest for efficient electrocatalysts: the devil is in the impurities10.1021/acscatal.0c02020 ↗
61. Bimetallic NiM/C (M = Cu and Mo) catalysts for the hydrogen oxidation reaction: deciphering the role of unintentional surface oxides in the activity enhancement10.1021/acscatal.2c03720 ↗
62. Enhancement of oxygen evolution activity of nickel oxyhydroxide by electrolyte alkali cations10.1002/anie.201905501 ↗
63. Understanding cation trends for hydrogen evolution on platinum and gold electrodes in alkaline media10.1021/acscatal.1c04268 ↗
64. Examination of the activity and durability of PEMFC catalysts in liquid electrolytes10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.04.052 ↗