journal article·2026-03Open access

Interfacial Engineering of n‐p Cd 2 In 2 S 5 /Co 3 O 4 Heterojunctions with Built‐In Electric Field: Ameliorated Charge Transfer Dynamics for Photoreforming of PET Plastic into H 2 and Commodity Chemicals

Ke Ming Lim, Peipei Zhang, Steven Hao Wan Kok, Valerine Khoo, Xianhai Zeng, Lling‐Lling Tan, Binghui Chen, Wee‐Jun Ong

Advanced Functional Materials· Volume 36· Issue 21

Abstract

Abstract In the quest to address the escalating plastic pollution, artificial photosynthesis offers an innovative approach to upcycling plastic waste into clean fuels and valuable chemicals. However, arduous challenges remain in the realm of photocatalysis due to the inefficient utilization of electron‐hole pairs. In this work, a n‐p heterojunction Cd 2 In 2 S 5 /Co 3 O 4 composite with a built‐in electric field is engineered to convert an omnipresent plastic, namely polyethylene terephthalate (PET), into H 2 (63.10 µmol h −1 ) and organic chemicals (formic acid: 8.34 µmol h −1 ; oxalic acid: 1.22 µmol h −1 ; glycolic acid: 5.22 µmol h −1 ) under the visible light irradiation. The solar‐to‐hydrogen and apparent quantum efficiency in this sacrificial‐substrate‐free system achieve a value of 0.17% and 0.48% (420 nm), respectively. The excellent performance is primarily accredited to the expanded light absorption range, enhanced specific surface area, improved carrier separation efficiency, and boosted interfacial charge transport. Advanced characterization techniques, including KPFM and EPR, uncover the intricate charge transfer dynamics of PET photoreforming, where the photogenerated holes accumulated on Co 3 O 4 initiate the plastic oxidation half‐reaction. Finally, the photoreforming of real‐world PET bottles demonstrates the broad universality of Cd 2 In 2 S 5 /Co 3 O 4 hybrids. This research presents a trailblazing standpoint for the design of p‐n heterojunctions to bridge new exemplifications toward environmental sustainability.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques · Microplastics and Plastic Pollution · TiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Malaysia Selangor Darul Ehsan 43900 Malaysia

Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy & Catalysis Technology (CONNECT) Xiamen University Malaysia Selangor Darul Ehsan 43900 Malaysia

State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China

Multidisciplinary Platform of Advanced Engineering Chemical Engineering Discipline School of Engineering Monash University Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway Selangor 47500 Malaysia

College of Energy State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China

Gulei Innovation Institute Xiamen University Zhangzhou 363200 China

Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University Shenzhen 518057 China

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China · Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province · State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University · PETRONAS Research Sdn Bhd

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