Redox-active metal–metal bonds between lanthanides in dimetallofullerenes
Source abstract
Abstract
The empty space inside a fullerene cage can be filled with a variety of species, including metal dimers. Encapsulation of Sc2, Y2, or lanthanide dimers leads to dimetallofullerenes featuring metal-metal bonding molecular orbital. Such an orbital can be either HOMO or LUMO of the dimetallofullerene molecule. In certain cases, single-occupied metal-metal bonding orbital can be also stabilized. This review is focused on redox processes involving variation of the electron population of metal-metal bonding orbitals in dimetallofullerenes.
Source: europepmc · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Fullerene Chemistry and Applications · Synthesis and Properties of Aromatic Compounds · Carbon Nanotubes in Composites
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (51)
Show source-provided references
1. Endohedral fullerenes10.1021/cr300297r ↗
2. Current status and future developments of endohedral metallofullerenes10.1039/c2cs35214a ↗
3. Endohedral metallofullerenes based on spherical Ih-C80 cage: molecular structures and paramagnetic properties10.1021/ar400156z ↗
4. Endohedral metallofullerenes: a unique host-guest association10.1039/c0cs00225a ↗
5. When metal clusters meet carbon cages: endohedral clusterfullerenes10.1039/C6CS00498A ↗
6. Electrochemistry and frontier molecular orbitals of endohedral metallofullerenes
7. Electrochemistry of fullerenes and their derivatives10.1021/ar970138v ↗
8. Electrochemistry in cavea: endohedral redox reactions of encaged species in fullerenes10.1021/jz200063k ↗
9. Transition-metal and rare-earth-metal redox couples inside carbon cages: fullerenes acting as innocent ligands10.1021/om5000387 ↗
10. Ion radicals of endohedral metallofullerenes studied by EPR spectroscopy
11. Bonding between strongly repulsive metal atoms: an oxymoron made real in a confined space of endohedral metallofullerenes10.1039/c2cc32568c ↗
12. Sc2@C3v(8)-C82 vs. Sc2C2@C3v(8)-C82: drastic effect of C2 capture on the redox properties of scandium metallofullerenes10.1039/C2CC16422A ↗
13. Fowler · 1995
14. General rule for the stabilization of fullerene cages encapsulating trimetallic nitride templates10.1002/anie.200501791 ↗
15. Understanding the stabilization of metal carbide endohedral fullerenes M2C2@C82 and related systems10.1021/jp800419d ↗
16. Pseudopotential study of lanthanum and lutetium dimers10.1007/s00214-002-0372-8 ↗
17. Metal-dependent stability of pristine and functionalized unconventional dimetallofullerene M2@Ih-C8010.1021/jp5028492 ↗
18. Experimental and theoretical evaluation of structures of Pr2@C72 and its functionalized adduct with adamantylidene carbene10.1039/C6RA23224H ↗
19. La2@C72: metal-mediated stabilization of a carbon cage10.1021/jp980452m ↗
20. La2@Cs(17 490)-C76: a new non-IPR dimetallic metallofullerene featuring unexpectedly weak metal–pentalene interactions10.1002/chem.201302821 ↗
21. Location of the metal atoms in Ce2@C78 and its bis-silylated derivative10.1039/B712568B ↗
22. Isolation, characterization, and theoretical study of La2@C7810.1021/ja048599g ↗
23. Synthesis and characterization of the D5h isomer of the endohedral dimetallofullerene Ce2@C80: two-dimensional circulation of encapsulated metal atoms inside a fullerene cage10.1002/chem.200900713 ↗
24. Very large, soluble endohedral fullerenes in the series La2C90 to La2C138: isolation and crystallographic characterization of La2@D5(450)-C10010.1021/ja207090e ↗
25. Electrochemistry and ab-initio study of the dimetallofullerene La2@C8010.1002/anie.199510941 ↗
26. Chemical understanding of a non-IPR metallofullerene: stabilization of encaged metals on fused-pentagon bonds in La2@C7210.1021/ja8019577 ↗
27. Spectroscopic and theoretical study of endohedral dimetallofullerene having a non-IPR fullerene cage: Ce2@C7210.1021/jp804260d ↗
28. Positional control of encapsulated atoms inside a fullerene cage by exohedral addition10.1021/ja054346r ↗
29. Metal dimer and trimer within spherical carbon cage10.1016/j.molstruc.2007.01.027 ↗
30. Stable radical anions inside fullerene cages: formation of reversible electron transfer systems10.1021/ja205391v ↗
31. Lu2@C2n (2n = 82, 84, 86): crystallographic evidence of direct Lu–Lu bonding between two divalent lutetium ions inside fullerene cages10.1021/jacs.7b04421 ↗
32. Confining the spin between two metal atoms within the carbon cage: redox-active metal-metal bonds in dimetallofullerenes and their stable cation radicals10.1039/C7NR02288C ↗
33. Crystallographic characterization of Isomer 2 of Er2@C82 and comparison with Isomer 1 of Er2@C8210.1039/b209270k ↗
34. Crystallographic characterization of the structure of the endohedral fullerene {Er2@C82 Isomer I} with Cs cage symmetry and multiple sites for erbium along a band of ten contiguous hexagons10.1021/ja0116019 ↗
35. Synthesis and UHV-STM observation of the Td-symmetric Lu metallofullerene: Lu2@C76(Td)10.1039/c0cc00824a ↗
36. Selective arc-discharge synthesis of Dy2S-clusterfullerenes and their isomer-dependent single molecule magnetism10.1039/C7SC02395B ↗
37. Enhanced 1520nm photoluminescence from Er3+ ions in di-erbium-carbide metallofullerenes (Er2C2)@C82 (isomers I, II, and III)10.1021/nn700235z ↗
38. Element-specific magnetic properties of di-erbium Er2@C82 and Er2C2@C82 metallofullerenes: a synchrotron soft X-ray magnetic circular dichroism study10.1021/jp711776j ↗
39. Theoretical Insights into the electronic structures and stability of dimetallofullerenes M2@Ih-C8010.1021/acs.jpcc.7b03533 ↗
40. Endohedral gadolinium-containing metallofullerenes in the trifluoromethylation reaction10.1007/s11172-008-0192-7 ↗
41. Trifluoromethylated endohedral metallofullerenes: synthesis and characterization of Y@C82(CF3)510.1002/anie.200461497 ↗
42. Single molecule magnet with an unpaired electron trapped between two lanthanide ions inside a fullerene10.1038/ncomms16098 ↗
43. Gd2@C79N: isolation, characterization, and monoadduct formation of a very stable heterofullerene with a magnetic spin state of S = 15/210.1021/ja202011u ↗
44. M2@C79N (M = Y, Tb): isolation and characterization of stable endohedral metallofullerenes exhibiting M–M bonding interactions inside Aza[80]fullerene cages10.1021/ja802417d ↗
45. Crystallographic evidence for direct metal–metal bonding in a stable open-shell La2@Ih-C80 derivative10.1002/anie.201511930 ↗
46. Hiding and recovering electrons in a dimetallic endohedral fullerene: air-stable products from radical additions10.1021/ja509956y ↗
47. Samoylova N.A., Liu F., Spree L., Popov A.A.: unpublished results. 2017.
48. Tutorial on the role of cyclopentadienyl ligands in the discovery of molecular complexes of the rare-earth and actinide metals in new oxidation states10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00466 ↗
49. Liddle · 2015
50. The shape of the Sc2(μ2-S) unit trapped in C82: crystallographic, computational, and electrochemical studies of the isomers, Sc2(μ2-S)@Cs(6)-C82 and Sc2(μ2-S)@C3v(8)-C8210.1021/ja200289w ↗
51. Beyond the butterfly: Sc2C2@C2v(9)-C86, an endohedral fullerene containing a planar, twisted Sc2C2 unit with remarkable crystalline order in an unprecedented carbon cage10.1021/jacs.5b06425 ↗