A Semi‐Embedded AgNWs Transparent Electrode by Hybrid Top‐Down Fabrication Enabled High Yield Rate of Flexible Organic Solar Cells

Abstract Flexible organic solar cells (FOSCs) hold promising application prospects due to their lightweight, and mechanical stability. Flexible transparent electrodes (FTE) are critical for achieving high‐performance FOSCs. Ag nanowires (AgNWs) electrodes have garnered significant attention owing to their advantages of high light transmission, excellent electrical conductivity, superior mechanical flexibility, and solution‐processability. However, challenges such as large contact resistance at AgNW junctions and elevated roughness hinder efficiency, device reproducibility, and operational stability. Addressing these issues by reducing contact resistance and roughness is essential for advancing high‐performance and large‐area FOSCs. In this work, a novel composite electrode named HP AgNWs:PR is constructed by a hybrid top‐down fabrication approach. First, hot pressing (HP) technology is applied to AgNW electrodes to enhance contact between AgNWs and improve electrical conductivity. After that, a negative photoresist (PR) polymer‐modified layer is introduced to construct embedded AgNWs by lithography technology. The roughness of the semi‐embedded HP AgNWs:PR electrodes is reduced by 50% relative to the pristine electrode. With this composite electrode, 16.52% efficiency of 1 cm ² FOSCs is achieved. In addition, due to the significant reduction of surface roughness, the fabrication yield rate of FOSCs increased from 42% to 100%, which is of great importance of industrial fabrication.