journal article·2026-01Open access

Design and Applications of Multi‐Frequency Programmable Metamaterials for Adaptive Stealth

Jonathan Tersur Orasugh, Ankita Mohanty, Amit Malakar, Suryasarathi Bose, Suprakas Sinha Ray

Advanced Functional Materials· Volume 36· Issue 5

Abstract

Abstract Metamaterials (MMs) are precisely designed composites with electromagnetic properties not found in natural materials, emerging as a groundbreaking technology for advanced stealth applications. This review offers a thorough synthesis of recent advancements in MM design, highlighting their exceptional capability to manipulate electromagnetic waves across microwave, infrared, and visible spectral ranges. The core principles behind MM‐enabled stealth, such as negative refractive index, cloaking, and wavefront shaping are explored, showcasing their effectiveness in significantly lowering radar cross‐section and thermal signatures, thus improving concealment. A detailed evaluation of nanoscale synthesis techniques, using both inorganic and organic materials, underscores the crucial importance of precise structural control to achieve these sophisticated functionalities. This work provides a comprehensive analysis of MM applications within military and aerospace stealth contexts, while also addressing contemporary challenges related to scalability, cost‐effectiveness, and environmental stability. Additionally, it presents a balanced evaluation of the technology's current maturity and its prospects for near‐future deployment. Beyond strategic defense uses, the transformative potential of MMs in civilian fields like transportation and communication is examined, highlighting their extensive influence on the progress of next‐generation technologies. This review outlines a clear path for future research, highlighting the crucial role of MMs in advancing electromagnetic control and stealth.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications · Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies · Antenna Design and Analysis

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Chemical Sciences University of Johannesburg Johannesburg 2028 South Africa

Department of Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru 560012 India

Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials DSI‐CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria 0001 South Africa

Funding

University of Johannesburg · Department of Science and Technology, Republic of South Africa

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