journal article·2026-01

Microstructure‐Modulated Linear‐Response Flexible Pressure Sensors

Ning Li, Hao Li, Jinhui Feng, Yiming Jiu, Hongsen Niu, Yang Li, Qin Wei

Advanced Functional Materials· Volume 36· Issue 2
Publisher page

Abstract

Abstract With the rapid advancements in flexible electronics and the growing demands from advanced applications, the nonlinear response of flexible pressure sensors (FPSs) has proven insufficient for integrated systems that require precise data acquisition, processing, and feedback control. Therefore, achieving a highly linear response in FPSs presents a critical technical challenge. Despite extensive efforts to investigate pressure‐signal linear response, a comprehensive theoretical framework is still lacking, and current research faces significant bottlenecks. A systematic review of existing modulation strategies is essential to drive innovation and performance enhancement. This review specifically focuses on microstructure‐based design strategies aimed at addressing the inherent challenge of achieving linear response in FPSs. It first clarifies the definition and significance of linear response in FPSs, then systematically summarizes recent modulation strategies designed to achieve linear response, with a focus on balancing sensitivity and pressure range to ensure stable and accurate signal output. The practical value of linear response is further explored in various application scenarios. Finally, the review highlights key challenges in current research and discusses future trends and potential breakthroughs in linear response modulation, aiming to provide theoretical insights and inspire further innovation in the field.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials · Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors · Tactile and Sensory Interactions

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of Jinan Jinan 250022 China

Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ubiquitous Intelligent Computing School of Information Science and Engineering University of Jinan Jinan 250022 China

School of Integrated Circuits Shandong University Jinan 250101 China

Department of Chemistry Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea

Funding

National Key Research and Development Program of China · National Natural Science Foundation of China · China Postdoctoral Science Foundation · Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province

References (100+)

Show source-provided references
1. 10.1038/s41928-019-0356-510.1038/s41928-019-0356-5 ↗
2. 10.1038/s41569‐025‐01127‐010.1038/s41569‐025‐01127‐0 ↗
3. 10.1039/D4CS00870G10.1039/D4CS00870G ↗
4. 10.1038/s41467-024-55088-y10.1038/s41467-024-55088-y ↗
5. 10.1088/1674-4926/2408002610.1088/1674-4926/24080026 ↗
6. 10.1002/adma.20220560910.1002/adma.202205609 ↗
7. 10.1002/adfm.20240235610.1002/adfm.202402356 ↗
8. 10.1038/s41563-024-01848-610.1038/s41563-024-01848-6 ↗
9. 10.1038/s41467-024-49864-z10.1038/s41467-024-49864-z ↗
10. 10.1038/s41467-020-19059-310.1038/s41467-020-19059-3 ↗
11. 10.1002/adma.20220480510.1002/adma.202204805 ↗
12. 10.1002/adma.20220701610.1002/adma.202207016 ↗
13. 10.1093/nsr/nwac22710.1093/nsr/nwac227 ↗
14. 10.1002/adma.20210206910.1002/adma.202102069 ↗
15. 10.1126/sciadv.ads229710.1126/sciadv.ads2297 ↗
16. 10.1038/s41467-023-42722-410.1038/s41467-023-42722-4 ↗
17. 10.1002/adma.20241409610.1002/adma.202414096 ↗
18. 10.1002/adma.20220262210.1002/adma.202202622 ↗
19. 10.1021/acsnano.3c1251310.1021/acsnano.3c12513 ↗
20. 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c0062310.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00623 ↗
21. 10.1002/advs.20240258210.1002/advs.202402582 ↗
22. 10.1088/1674-4926/2408002710.1088/1674-4926/24080027 ↗
23. 10.1016/j.matt.2022.02.01610.1016/j.matt.2022.02.016 ↗
24. 10.1002/adfm.20250051110.1002/adfm.202500511 ↗
25. 10.1002/adfm.20241355110.1002/adfm.202413551 ↗
26. 10.1002/advs.20230940710.1002/advs.202309407 ↗
27. 10.1002/adfm.20240049410.1002/adfm.202400494 ↗
28. 10.1002/adfm.20241879110.1002/adfm.202418791 ↗
29. 10.1002/adfm.20241493610.1002/adfm.202414936 ↗
30. 10.1021/acsnano.4c1428510.1021/acsnano.4c14285 ↗
31. 10.1021/acsnano.4c0291910.1021/acsnano.4c02919 ↗
32. 10.1002/adma.20240540510.1002/adma.202405405 ↗
33. 10.1126/sciadv.adf883110.1126/sciadv.adf8831 ↗
34. 10.1038/s41467-022-29093-y10.1038/s41467-022-29093-y ↗
35. 10.1038/s41467-024-47408-z10.1038/s41467-024-47408-z ↗
36. 10.1021/acsnano.4c0011210.1021/acsnano.4c00112 ↗
37. 10.1021/acsami.3c0422710.1021/acsami.3c04227 ↗
38. 10.1002/adfm.20231613410.1002/adfm.202316134 ↗
39. 10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.10601310.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106013 ↗
40. 10.1016/j.cej.2024.15378010.1016/j.cej.2024.153780 ↗
41. 10.1002/adma.20190268910.1002/adma.201902689 ↗
42. 10.1002/adfm.20240678910.1002/adfm.202406789 ↗
43. 10.1002/advs.20241314110.1002/advs.202413141 ↗
44. 10.1021/acssensors.3c0081810.1021/acssensors.3c00818 ↗
45. 10.1002/adma.20160040810.1002/adma.201600408 ↗
46. 10.1021/acsami.6b0517710.1021/acsami.6b05177 ↗
47. 10.1021/acsami.7b0039810.1021/acsami.7b00398 ↗
48. 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.09.01310.1016/j.nanoen.2017.09.013 ↗
49. 10.1021/acsnano.8b0180510.1021/acsnano.8b01805 ↗
50. 10.1002/smll.20180081910.1002/smll.201800819 ↗
51. 10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.02.03610.1016/j.nanoen.2019.02.036 ↗
52. 10.1002/adfm.20180882910.1002/adfm.201808829 ↗
53. 10.1021/acsami.0c1854310.1021/acsami.0c18543 ↗
54. 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.10474910.1016/j.nanoen.2020.104749 ↗
55. 10.1021/acsnano.1c0519910.1021/acsnano.1c05199 ↗
56. 10.1016/j.cej.2021.12864910.1016/j.cej.2021.128649 ↗
57. 10.1016/j.cej.2022.13637010.1016/j.cej.2022.136370 ↗
58. 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.2c0086010.1021/acsmaterialslett.2c00860 ↗
59. 10.1038/s41563-023-01628-810.1038/s41563-023-01628-8 ↗
60. 10.1002/advs.20230341810.1002/advs.202303418 ↗
61. 10.1021/acsnano.4c0410010.1021/acsnano.4c04100 ↗
62. 10.1002/adfm.20241139010.1002/adfm.202411390 ↗
63. 10.1021/acssensors.4c0323810.1021/acssensors.4c03238 ↗
64. 10.1021/acssensors.4c0344310.1021/acssensors.4c03443 ↗
65. 10.1002/adma.20230688010.1002/adma.202306880 ↗
66. 10.1002/adma.20231276110.1002/adma.202312761 ↗
67. 10.1002/adma.20200590210.1002/adma.202005902 ↗
68. 10.1002/adfm.20211041710.1002/adfm.202110417 ↗
69. 10.1002/smll.20240879510.1002/smll.202408795 ↗
70. 10.1016/j.mtphys.2024.10157610.1016/j.mtphys.2024.101576 ↗
71. 10.1007/s12274-022-5371-610.1007/s12274-022-5371-6 ↗
72. 10.1002/adfm.20230263310.1002/adfm.202302633 ↗
73. 10.1002/inf2.1250010.1002/inf2.12500 ↗
74. 10.1002/adfm.20180756010.1002/adfm.201807560 ↗
75. 10.1021/acsanm.3c0403010.1021/acsanm.3c04030 ↗
76. 10.1002/adfm.20200349110.1002/adfm.202003491 ↗
77. 10.1016/j.cis.2023.10298810.1016/j.cis.2023.102988 ↗
78. 10.1093/nsr/nwae35110.1093/nsr/nwae351 ↗
79. 10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.10737610.1016/j.nanoen.2022.107376 ↗
80. 10.1021/acsami.4c0016110.1021/acsami.4c00161 ↗
81. 10.1021/acsnano.3c0348410.1021/acsnano.3c03484 ↗
82. 10.1002/adfm.20230750310.1002/adfm.202307503 ↗
83. 10.1016/j.isci.2022.10414810.1016/j.isci.2022.104148 ↗
84. 10.1007/s42765-024-00382-z10.1007/s42765-024-00382-z ↗
85. 10.1002/admt.20220032210.1002/admt.202200322 ↗
86. 10.1016/j.cej.2024.14992610.1016/j.cej.2024.149926 ↗
87. 10.1016/j.nanoms.2021.11.00210.1016/j.nanoms.2021.11.002 ↗
88. 10.1021/acsnano.0c0365910.1021/acsnano.0c03659 ↗
89. 10.1016/j.scib.2021.02.01910.1016/j.scib.2021.02.019 ↗
90. 10.1002/smll.20210331210.1002/smll.202103312 ↗
91. 10.1021/acsnano.2c1260610.1021/acsnano.2c12606 ↗
92. 10.1016/j.scib.2024.05.00110.1016/j.scib.2024.05.001 ↗
93. 10.1002/adfm.20220436610.1002/adfm.202204366 ↗
94. 10.1002/adma.20241749810.1002/adma.202417498 ↗
95. 10.1002/adfm.20240572210.1002/adfm.202405722 ↗
96. 10.1016/j.matt.2025.10199210.1016/j.matt.2025.101992 ↗
97. 10.1098/rspa.1966.024210.1098/rspa.1966.0242 ↗
98. 10.1115/1.403818710.1115/1.4038187 ↗
99. 10.1038/nmat283410.1038/nmat2834 ↗
100. 10.1002/adma.20180338810.1002/adma.201803388 ↗