journal article·2025-09Open access

Electro‐Active Metasurfaces Controlling Exceptional Topological Phase Through Low‐Voltage Operation on Conductive Polymer

Jaekyung Kim, Minsu Jeong, Chunghwan Jung, Junhwa Seong, Junsuk Rho

Advanced Functional Materials· Volume 35· Issue 38

Abstract

Abstract Metasurfaces have been actively studied for their compact form factor and multifunctionality. However, their limited number of channels and lack of active modulation significantly constrain practical applications. To address these drawbacks, this study investigates electro‐active chiral optical response (EACOR)‐driven metasurfaces with dual channels, fast electrical switching rates of 52 ms, and a low operating voltage of 0.5 V. The EACOR‐driven dual‐channel metasurfaces utilize a reflective‐type metal‐insulator‐metal (MIM) structure integrated with a thin polyaniline (PANI) film as an insulator layer and chiral gold (Au) nanostructures as meta‐atoms. The chiral Au meta‐atoms exhibit a chiral optical response, creating a channel based on the polarization of the incident light. Additionally, the refractive index change of the PANI in response to the applied voltage induces variation in the chiral optical response of the proposed structure, making another channel controlled by the applied voltage. For concept validation, an electrically controlled dual‐channel metahologram is demonstrated. Such dual‐channel metasurfaces driven with a low operating voltage open a new pathway for optical encryption and display applications.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications · Polydiacetylene-based materials and applications · Advanced Materials and Mechanics

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Mechanical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea

Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea

Department of Electrical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea

POSCO‐POSTECH‐RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea

National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea

Funding

National Research Foundation of Korea

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