Mechanism Decoupling of Impedance Matching and Attenuation Enhancement via Spatial Distribution of Loading Components

Abstract The balance between impedance matching and attenuation has remained a major obstacle in the application of broadband high‐efficiency electromagnetic wave absorbers. The core difficulty lies in the challenge of distinguishing how individual components within composite systems distinctly affect each mechanism. Herein, a 1D structural design strategy is proposed that achieves spatial decoupling of the absorption mechanisms through the spatial position engineering of components, whereby CeO ₂ serves as the shell component for impedance matching optimization and Fe ₃ C acts as the core component for attenuation enhancement. CeO ₂ synergized with the core–shell framework precisely regulates the dielectric properties of carbon‐based fibers to optimize impedance matching, while Fe─N axial coordination between Fe ₃ C and N‐doped carbon layers augments charge transport and polarization loss, thereby intensifying attenuation capacity. The Fe ₃ C@CeO ₂ /NC fiber achieves exceptional performance, including a minimal reflection loss of −64.63 dB at 2.49 mm thickness, an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.30 GHz, with a radar cross‐section reduction up to 25.49 dB·m ² . This work establishes a paradigm for the design of function‐specific components through mechanism decoupling of impedance matching and attenuation capacity, while simultaneously pioneering rational design principles for next‐generation electromagnetic wave absorbing and communication technologies.