High‐Pressure Synthesis of Ultra‐Incompressible, Hard and Superconducting Tungsten Nitrides

Akun Liang; Israel Osmond; Georg Krach; Lan‐Ting Shi; Lukas Brüning; Umbertoluca Ranieri; James Spender; Ferenc Tasnadi; Bernhard Massani; Callum R. Stevens; Ryan Stewart McWilliams; Eleanor Lawrence Bright; Nico Giordano; Samuel Gallego‐Parra; Yuqing Yin; Andrey Aslandukov; Fariia Iasmin Akbar; Eugene Gregoryanz; Andrew Huxley; Miriam Peña‐Alvarez; Jian‐Guo Si; Wolfgang Schnick; Maxim Bykov; Florian Trybel; Dominique Laniel

doi:10.1002/adfm.202313819

journal article·2024-08Open access

High‐Pressure Synthesis of Ultra‐Incompressible, Hard and Superconducting Tungsten Nitrides

Akun Liang, Israel Osmond, Georg Krach, Lan‐Ting Shi, Lukas Brüning, Umbertoluca Ranieri, James Spender, Ferenc Tasnadi, Bernhard Massani, Callum R. Stevens, Ryan Stewart McWilliams, Eleanor Lawrence Bright, Nico Giordano, Samuel Gallego‐Parra, Yuqing Yin, Andrey Aslandukov, Fariia Iasmin Akbar, Eugene Gregoryanz, Andrew Huxley, Miriam Peña‐Alvarez, Jian‐Guo Si, Wolfgang Schnick, Maxim Bykov, Florian Trybel, Dominique Laniel

Advanced Functional Materials· Volume 34· Issue 32

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Abstract

Abstract Transition metal nitrides, particularly those of 5d metals, are known for their outstanding properties, often relevant for industrial applications. Among these metal elements, tungsten is especially attractive given its low cost. In this high‐pressure investigation of the W–N system, two novel ultra‐incompressible tungsten nitride superconductors, namely W₂N₃ and W₃N₅, are successfully synthesized at 35 and 56 GPa, respectively, through a direct reaction between N₂ and W in laser‐heated diamond anvil cells. Their crystal structure is determined using synchrotron single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. While the W₂N₃ solid's sole constituting nitrogen species are N^3‐ units, W₃N₅ features both discrete N^3‐ as well as N₂^4‐ pernitride anions. The bulk modulus of W₂N₃ and W₃N₅ is experimentally determined to be 380(3) and 406(7) GPa, and their ultra‐incompressible behavior is rationalized by their constituting WN₇ polyhedra and their linkages. Importantly, both W₂N₃ and W₃N₅ are recoverable to ambient conditions and stable in air. Density functional theory calculations reveal W₂N₃ and W₃N₅ to have a Vickers hardness of 30 and 34 GPa, and superconducting transition temperatures at ambient pressure (50 GPa) of 11.6 K (9.8 K) and 9.4 K (7.2 K), respectively. Additionally, transport measurements performed at 50 GPa on W₂N₃ corroborate with the calculations.

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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Metal and Thin Film Mechanics · Boron and Carbon Nanomaterials Research · Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Physics and Astronomy University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH8 9YL UK

Department of Chemistry University of Munich (LMU) 81377 Munich Germany

Spallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan 523000 P. R. China

Institute for Inorganic Chemistry University of Cologne 50923 Cologne Germany

Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM) Linköping University Linköping 58183 Sweden

European Synchrotron Radiation Facility Grenoble 38000 France

Photon Science Deutsches Elektronen‐Synchrotron 22607 Hamburg Germany

Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions Laboratory of Crystallography University of Bayreuth 95447 Bayreuth Germany

Center for High‐Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research Shanghai 201203 P. R. China

Key Laboratory of Materials Physics Institute of Solid State Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Hefei Anhui 230031 P. R. China

Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität 60438 Frankfurt Germany

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft · National Science Foundation · U.S. Department of Energy · Office of Science · Vetenskapsrådet · Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province · Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse · H2020 European Research Council · UK Research and Innovation

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