Regulating Contact Electrification and Charge Retention Capability With Metal–Organic Frameworks in Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Self‐Powered Sewage Treatment

Abstract The harvesting of ocean wind energy for triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is greatly influenced by the contact electrification (CE) capability, charge retention characteristics, and harsh marine environment. In this work, four highly water‐stable metal–organic frameworks, including MIL‐101(Cr), UiO‐66, ZIF‐8, and MOF‐303, are doped into PVA/Ta layers to modulate their CE capability, charge retention, and resistance to harsh marine environments. The CE capability is compared at multiple scales including electronic, atomic, and molecular levels using DFT calculation. The combined effect of the pyrazole ring and ─COO─ group contributes to the highest tribopositivity of PVA/Ta/MOF‐303. Besides, the reduced HOMO–LUMO gap and the increased HOMO level make it easier for electrons in PVA/Ta/MOF‐303 to transfer. Meanwhile, MOF‐303 with high charge capture capability located in deep layers can serve as charge traps to reduce charge dissipation rate. Hence, the charge density of PVA/Ta/MOF‐303‐based TENG (PTM‐TENG) at 90% RH reaches to 361.43 µC m⁻². Hydrogen bonding, coordination effects, and electrostatic interactions endow PVA/Ta/MOF‐303 with excellent mechanical, anti‐swelling, and anti‐aging properties. Finally, PTM‐TENG is assembled into a self‐powered sewage treatment system, and the generation of ·OH and ·O₂⁻ enables PTM‐TENG to realize a high water sterilization rate (99.99%) and efficient organic pollutant degradation (>95%) within 20 min.