Energy‐Harvesting Carbon Aerogel Nanofiber Metafabric for High‐Efficiency Thermoregulation

Abstract Maintaining body temperature within safe and comfortable range is crucial; however, thermoregulatory materials face challenges in variable environments and extreme application scenarios. Here, a unique dual air‐gelation strategy is developed to synthesize carbon aerogel nanofiber metafabric for energy‐harvesting thermoregulation. By manipulating polyacrylonitrile/water interaction and charge density of the solution, phase separation and Coulombic repulsion in electrospun jets are promoted, forming curly nanofibers with internal nanopores (size 30–60 nm) that entangle to create nanofibrous dual‐aerogel structure; the carbon aerogel nanofiber metafabric is obtained following pre‐oxidation and optimized graphitization. The resulting metafabric exhibits high elasticity, robust temperature resistance from −196 to 600 °C, exceptional thermal insulation performance, high‐efficiency electrothermal capability (adjustable from 15 to 150 °C), and photothermal property (radiation raised temperature by 22 °C). This work provides rich possibilities to develop advanced carbon nanomaterials for thermal management.