Anti‐/Deicing Membranes with Damage Detection and Fast Healing

Abstract Flexible membrane with good anti‐wettability under giant deformation and fast healing will largely extend its adaptability and life span in anti‐/deicing application. A flexible membrane with significant dynamic water repellency and photo‐/electro‐responsive healing capability is reported, fabricated by combining the covalent grafting of fluorosilane to carbon black (F‐CB) with the optimized ablation difference between thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrix and F‐CB. A rolling angle of below 5° is remained after either being stretching to 1000% strain or 2000 cycles of tensile tests at 400% strain. More importantly, multi‐scale cracks on the membrane can be diagnosed and repaired in real‐time; the healing efficiency reaches above 99% within 90 s even if completely fractured under the effect of both solar irradiation of 0.1 W cm⁻² and applied voltage of 20 V; and all‐weather anti‐/deicing has the performance of an icing delay time of 323 s and an ice adhesion strength of <40 kPa, a sharp contrast to the 18 s and 1090 kPa, respectively, for bare metal surface. This work endows anti‐icing membrane with the ability of damage detection and cyclic healing, highly demanded in outdoor anti‐/deicing application that involve inevitable mechanical damages.