journal article·2025-09Open access

Recent Advances, Key Strategies, and Challenges in Fast‐Charging Hard Carbon Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Wenjie Deng, Hai Yang, Hanyu Huo, Yan Yu

Advanced Functional Materials· Volume 35· Issue 37

Abstract

Abstract Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have gradually entered the application market after years of development. To enhance user experience and reduce waiting time, the development of fast‐charging SIBs has become an inevitable trend. However, hard carbon (HC) anode materials currently in use face significant challenges, such as capacity degradation and sodium metal plating during fast‐charging. This paper explores the entire process of Na + migration from the electrolyte to the bulk phase of the HC and examines the factors influencing Na + migration at each stage. It then summarizes key strategies for achieving fast‐charging HC for SIBs, with a focus on electrolyte optimization, surface coating, and bulk structural optimization. Finally, the paper highlights the main challenges and future prospects for developing fast‐charging HC anodes, offering valuable insights for advancing fast‐charging SIBs technologies.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Advancements in Battery Materials · Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies · Extraction and Separation Processes

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Materials Science and Engineering iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China · Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of the Central South University

References (100+)

Show source-provided references
1. 10.1002/adma.20240457410.1002/adma.202404574 ↗
2. 10.1002/anie.20231866310.1002/anie.202318663 ↗
3. 10.1038/s41560-023-01387-510.1038/s41560-023-01387-5 ↗
4. 10.1039/D3EE02213G10.1039/D3EE02213G ↗
5. 10.1002/advs.20220120710.1002/advs.202201207 ↗
6. 10.1039/C9CS00162J10.1039/C9CS00162J ↗
7. 10.1002/adma.20160565010.1002/adma.201605650 ↗
8. 10.26599/CF.2024.920002610.26599/CF.2024.9200026 ↗
9. 10.1021/prechem.3c0003010.1021/prechem.3c00030 ↗
10. 10.1039/D1MA00315A10.1039/D1MA00315A ↗
11. 10.1039/D3EE02202A10.1039/D3EE02202A ↗
12. 10.1002/adma.20221218610.1002/adma.202212186 ↗
13. 10.1002/aenm.20140210410.1002/aenm.201402104 ↗
14. 10.1002/anie.20221482810.1002/anie.202214828 ↗
15. 10.1021/acsenergylett.3c0257210.1021/acsenergylett.3c02572 ↗
16. 10.1016/j.esci.2022.10.00610.1016/j.esci.2022.10.006 ↗
17. 10.1149/1945-7111/ad259010.1149/1945-7111/ad2590 ↗
18. 10.1002/aenm.20140210410.1002/aenm.201402104 ↗
19. 10.1002/adma.20240200510.1002/adma.202402005 ↗
20. 10.1021/acsnano.3c0289210.1021/acsnano.3c02892 ↗
21. 10.1021/acsnano.4c0061310.1021/acsnano.4c00613 ↗
22. 10.1002/anie.20240346310.1002/anie.202403463 ↗
23. Wenlin Y. · Energy Storage Sci. Technol. · 2021 · 10 · 821
24. 10.1002/smll.20240084510.1002/smll.202400845 ↗
25. 10.1016/j.mattod.2024.04.00710.1016/j.mattod.2024.04.007 ↗
26. 10.1016/j.mtener.2018.10.01710.1016/j.mtener.2018.10.017 ↗
27. 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.05.15810.1016/j.electacta.2019.05.158 ↗
28. 10.1016/j.jechem.2020.07.00210.1016/j.jechem.2020.07.002 ↗
29. 10.1016/j.carbon.2021.06.06610.1016/j.carbon.2021.06.066 ↗
30. 10.1002/est2.7009710.1002/est2.70097 ↗
31. 10.1002/adma.20230409110.1002/adma.202304091 ↗
32. 10.1039/D1TA00376C10.1039/D1TA00376C ↗
33. 10.1002/aenm.20230383310.1002/aenm.202303833 ↗
34. 10.1002/aenm.20170326810.1002/aenm.201703268 ↗
35. 10.1002/aenm.20220071510.1002/aenm.202200715 ↗
36. 10.1002/adfm.20230227710.1002/adfm.202302277 ↗
37. 10.1002/adfm.20210027810.1002/adfm.202100278 ↗
38. 10.1149/1945-7111/ace4fa10.1149/1945-7111/ace4fa ↗
39. 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c0288910.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c02889 ↗
40. 10.1021/acsenergylett.2c0166710.1021/acsenergylett.2c01667 ↗
41. 10.1039/D4EE05509H10.1039/D4EE05509H ↗
42. Zhao J. · Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. · 2025
43. 10.1002/anie.20241222210.1002/anie.202412222 ↗
44. 10.1002/adfm.20242347810.1002/adfm.202423478 ↗
45. 10.1021/acsenergylett.3c0207510.1021/acsenergylett.3c02075 ↗
46. 10.1002/anie.20240771710.1002/anie.202407717 ↗
47. 10.1002/anie.20221635410.1002/anie.202216354 ↗
48. 10.1016/j.carbon.2019.03.03810.1016/j.carbon.2019.03.038 ↗
49. 10.1016/j.carbon.2023.11848910.1016/j.carbon.2023.118489 ↗
50. 10.1039/C6CS00776G10.1039/C6CS00776G ↗
51. 10.1002/adfm.20220311710.1002/adfm.202203117 ↗
52. 10.1002/adfm.20200645710.1002/adfm.202006457 ↗
53. 10.1002/adma.20220133910.1002/adma.202201339 ↗
54. 10.1073/pnas.221020311910.1073/pnas.2210203119 ↗
55. 10.1038/s41560-024-01469-y10.1038/s41560-024-01469-y ↗
56. 10.26599/CF.2024.920002410.26599/CF.2024.9200024 ↗
57. 10.1098/rspa.1951.019710.1098/rspa.1951.0197 ↗
58. 10.1107/S002188987501090410.1107/S0021889875010904 ↗
59. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.92110.1103/PhysRevLett.69.921 ↗
60. 10.1080/0141861970821402810.1080/01418619708214028 ↗
61. 10.1039/b710552e10.1039/b710552e ↗
62. 10.1149/1.139408110.1149/1.1394081 ↗
63. 10.1002/aenm.20150158810.1002/aenm.201501588 ↗
64. 10.1021/nl301695710.1021/nl3016957 ↗
65. 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b0196910.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01969 ↗
66. Wang Z. H. · Adv. Energy Mater. · 2021 · 11
67. 10.1039/C6CC06990H10.1039/C6CC06990H ↗
68. 10.1002/adma.20180839310.1002/adma.201808393 ↗
69. 10.1039/D0EE01825B10.1039/D0EE01825B ↗
70. 10.3389/fchem.2022.98654110.3389/fchem.2022.986541 ↗
71. 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.02210.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.022 ↗
72. 10.1016/j.ensm.2022.12.04210.1016/j.ensm.2022.12.042 ↗
73. 10.1016/j.ensm.2024.10399710.1016/j.ensm.2024.103997 ↗
74. 10.1073/pnas.160247311310.1073/pnas.1602473113 ↗
75. 10.1002/anie.20140373410.1002/anie.201403734 ↗
76. 10.1002/adma.20200881010.1002/adma.202008810 ↗
77. 10.1021/acsaem.8b0036010.1021/acsaem.8b00360 ↗
78. 10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.16982310.1016/j.jallcom.2023.169823 ↗
79. 10.1002/adma.20230000210.1002/adma.202300002 ↗
80. 10.1002/adfm.20220372510.1002/adfm.202203725 ↗
81. 10.1016/j.carbon.2023.11831910.1016/j.carbon.2023.118319 ↗
82. 10.1016/j.ensm.2023.01.04210.1016/j.ensm.2023.01.042 ↗
83. 10.1002/adfm.20230839210.1002/adfm.202308392 ↗
84. 10.1002/adfm.20240824210.1002/adfm.202408242 ↗
85. 10.1039/D4SC01395F10.1039/D4SC01395F ↗
86. 10.1149/1945-7111/ad121910.1149/1945-7111/ad1219 ↗
87. 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.23099410.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.230994 ↗
88. 10.1016/j.ensm.2019.11.03110.1016/j.ensm.2019.11.031 ↗
89. 10.1016/j.carbon.2024.11903810.1016/j.carbon.2024.119038 ↗
90. 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.23287910.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.232879 ↗
91. 10.1002/smtd.20240050910.1002/smtd.202400509 ↗
92. 10.1002/adma.20240124910.1002/adma.202401249 ↗
93. 10.1039/C9TA12429B10.1039/C9TA12429B ↗
94. 10.1016/j.carbon.2023.02.00410.1016/j.carbon.2023.02.004 ↗
95. 10.1016/j.jechem.2020.07.02510.1016/j.jechem.2020.07.025 ↗
96. 10.1016/j.ensm.2024.10383910.1016/j.ensm.2024.103839 ↗
97. 10.1016/j.carbon.2023.11803410.1016/j.carbon.2023.118034 ↗
98. 10.1016/j.ensm.2024.10318310.1016/j.ensm.2024.103183 ↗
99. 10.1016/j.ensm.2024.10354310.1016/j.ensm.2024.103543 ↗
100. 10.1002/ente.20230159710.1002/ente.202301597 ↗