DataVXAdvanced Functional MaterialsPaper
journal article·2024-10Open access

Enhancing Temperature Responsiveness of PNIPAM Through 3D‐Printed Hierarchical Porosity

Weiyi Liu, Zhenwu Wang, Julian A. Serna, Rafaela Debastiani, Joaquin E. Urrutia Gomez, Lutong Lu, Wenwu Yang, Zheqin Dong, Pavel A. Levkin

Advanced Functional Materials· Volume 34· Issue 41
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Source abstract

Abstract

Abstract Materials with ultra‐fast responsive properties are essential for various applications. Among the responsive materials, poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) stands out due to its well‐studied temperature‐responsive properties. Improving the kinetics of the responsive properties of PNIPAM is, however, still essential for advancing its practical use. Here, the responsive rate of PNIPAM hydrogels is enhanced by first incorporating sub‐micrometer porosity into the material through polymerization‐induced phase separation (PIPS), followed by introducing millimeter scale pores via 3D printing, thereby rendering the material with hierarchical porosity. The 3D‐printed porous PNIPAM structures show accelerated swelling and deswelling, when compared to non‐porous PNIPAM structures, due to enhanced water permeability associated with the continuous network of micrometer to millimeter‐sized pores. Additionally, thinner polymer structures result in faster temperature response rates. At the same time, the mechanical strength of PNIPAM hydrogels with high porosity and thinner polymer walls is not compromised, overcoming the common trade‐off between swelling and mechanical properties.
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Research context

PolymersMaterials processing

OpenAlex topics: Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies · Advanced Materials and Mechanics · Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems‐Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS‐FMS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann‐von Helmholtz‐Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen Germany

College of Environment Sciences Sichuan Agricultural University Huimin Road 211 611130 Chengdu China

Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstr. 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany

Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMFi) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen Germany

Institute for Micro Process Engineering (IMVT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen Germany

School and Hospital of Stomatology Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration No. 44‐1 Wenhuaxi Road Jinan Shandong 250012 China

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft · China Scholarship Council · Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province

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