journal article·2024-12Open access

Two‐Photon‐Activated Heavy‐Atom Free AIEgen for Highly Efficient Type I Photodynamic Therapy

Ji Liu, Xinwen Ou, Kaizhen Wang, Ke Wang, Lijuan Gui, Fengyan Song, Chao Chen, Jacky W. Y. Lam, Zhenwei Yuan, Ben Zhong Tang

Advanced Functional Materials· Volume 34· Issue 51

Abstract

Abstract The therapeutic efficacy of photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy (PDT) largely depends on the reactive oxygen species production, types, and tissue penetration depth. Particularly in malignant tumors, hypoxia is widely recognized as a major obstacle for PDT. Herein, a two‐photon‐excitable heavy‐atom free photosensitizer PNF is designed. PNF can be used as a type‑I photosensitizer to overcome the limitations of PDT in treating hypoxic tumors. The photosensitizer PNF exhibits distinct aggregation‐induced emission characteristics and can generate O2•− and OH• through type I photochemical processes upon 808 nm laser irradiation. The two‐photon‐activated PDT induced by PNF disrupts cellular redox homeostasis, and increases levels of lipid peroxidation, leading to apoptosis, as well as ferroptosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of this synergistic treatment strategy in inhibiting the growth of hypoxic cancer cells and tumors.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics · Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies · Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Engineering China Pharmaceutical University 639 Longmian Road, Jiangning Nanjing 210009 China

Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong 999077 China

Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Life Science Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China

Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710061 China

School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Guangdong 518172 China

Funding

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities · Innovation and Technology Commission · Beijing University of Technology

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