Scintillators for Neutron Detection and Imaging: Advances and Prospects

Abstract Neutron detection and imaging play a crucial role in nuclear reaction monitoring, industrial non‐destructive testing, nuclear medicine imaging, and so on. Similar to other ionizing radiation, scintillators are widely used to convert neutrons into scintillation light to easily read out. However, due to their electrically neutral nature, the interactions of neutrons (primarily scattering or absorption with atomic nuclei) differ significantly from those of high‐energy photons/charged particles. Therefore, scintillator materials must be specifically designed and optimized to enhance the neutron capture cross sections, accounting for the unique properties of neutrons and extreme application environment. In this review, it is begun by introducing the classification of neutrons, outlining their interactions with sensitive elements, and emphasizing key performance criteria for neutron detection and imaging. Subsequently, reported scintillators are categorized into five types: metal halide, metal oxide, glass, liquid, and organic scintillators, discussing their detection advantages, application scenarios, and associated challenges. Finally, an in‐depth discussion is provided on future directions for this field, including advancements in characterization, design, fabrication processes, stability and functionalization of materials, and their application expansion. It is believed that this review is both timely and essential for supporting the future development of neutron detection technologies.