Crystal Plasticity Simulation of Magnesium and Its Alloys: A Review of Recent Advances
Source abstract
Abstract
Slip and extension twinning are the dominant deformation mechanisms in Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys. Crystal plasticity is a powerful tool to study these deformation mechanisms. Different schemes have incorporated crystal plasticity models to capture different properties, which vary from the simple homogenization Taylor model to the full-scale crystal plasticity finite element model. In the current study, a review of works available in the literature that addresses different properties of Mg and its alloys using crystal plasticity modes is presented. In addition to slip and twinning, detwinning is another deformation mechanism that is activated in Mg and its alloys. The different models that capture detwinning will also be addressed here. Finally, the recent experimental frameworks, such as in-situ neutron diffraction, 3D high energy synchrotron X-ray techniques, and digital image correlation under scanning electron microscopy (SEM-DIC), which are incorporated along crystal plasticity models to investigate the properties of Mg and its alloys, are addressed. Future research directions towards improving the deformation response of Mg and its alloys are identified, which can lead to increased deployment of the lightest structural metal in engineering applications.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications · Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties · Metal and Thin Film Mechanics
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Computational Solid Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Funding
National Science Foundation · U.S. Department of Energy
References (100+)
Show source-provided references
1. Cole, G.S. (2016). Summary of “Magnesium vision 2020: A North American automotive strategic vision for magnesium”. Essential Readings in Magnesium Technology, Springer.10.1007/978-3-319-48099-2_5 ↗
2. Low cycle fatigue properties of an extruded AZ31 magnesium alloy10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2008.03.009 ↗
3. Statistical analyses of deformation twinning in magnesium10.1080/14786431003630835 ↗
4. Low cycle fatigue of a rare-earth containing extruded magnesium alloy10.1016/j.msea.2013.03.041 ↗
5. Strain-controlled low cycle fatigue properties of a rare-earth containing ZEK100 magnesium alloy10.1016/j.matdes.2014.11.058 ↗
6. Cyclic deformation and fatigue damage in single-crystal magnesium under fully reversed strain-controlled tension–compression in the [1 01¯0] direction10.1016/j.scriptamat.2014.10.020 ↗
7. Quantification of cyclic twinning-detwinning behavior during low-cycle fatigue of pure magnesium using high energy X-ray diffraction10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2019.04.011 ↗
8. The effects of heat treatment on the response of WE43 Mg alloy: Crystal plasticity finite element simulation and SEM-DIC experiment10.1016/j.ijplas.2020.102917 ↗
9. Multiscale modeling of twinning and detwinning behavior of HCP polycrystals10.1016/j.ijplas.2019.102653 ↗
10. Nucleation and stability of twins in hcp metals10.1103/PhysRevB.78.024117 ↗
11. (1¯012) Twinning nucleation mechanisms in hexagonal-close-packed crystals10.1016/j.actamat.2009.07.047 ↗
12. A probabilistic twin nucleation model for HCP polycrystalline metals
13. Effect of microstructure on the nucleation of deformation twins in polycrys-talline high-purity magnesium: A multi-scale modeling study10.1016/j.jmps.2011.02.007 ↗
14. Deformation twinning mechanisms from bimetal interfaces as revealed by in situ straining in the TEM10.1016/j.actamat.2012.07.027 ↗
15. The roles of grain boundary dislocations and disclinations in the nucleation of {1 0 1 2} twinning10.1016/j.actamat.2013.09.012 ↗
16. Andreoni, W., and Yip, S. (2018). The Stochastic Nature of Deformation Twinning: Application to HCP Materials. Handbook of Materials Modeling: Methods: Theory and Modeling, Springer International Publishing.
17. Twinning–detwinning behavior during the strain-controlled low-cycle fatigue testing of a wrought magnesium alloy, ZK60A10.1016/j.actamat.2007.10.030 ↗
18. Roles of deformation twinning and dislocation slip in the fatigue failure mechanism of AZ31 Mg alloys10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.03.021 ↗
19. Fatigue damage development in pure polycrystalline magnesium under cyclic tension-compression loading10.1016/j.msea.2011.06.064 ↗
20. An experimental study of cyclic deformation of extruded AZ61A magnesium alloy10.1016/j.ijplas.2010.09.004 ↗
21. Twinning–detwinning behavior during fatigue-crack propagation in a wrought magnesium alloy AZ31B10.1016/j.msea.2012.06.088 ↗
22. Multi-scale mechanisms of twinning-detwinning in magnesium alloy AZ31B simulated by crystal plasticity modeling and validated via in situ synchrotron XRD and in situ SEM-EBSD10.1016/j.ijplas.2019.02.018 ↗
23. Multiscale deformation heterogeneity in twinning magnesium investigated with in situ image correlation10.1016/j.ijplas.2013.12.001 ↗
24. Characterization and modeling of {101¯ 2} twin banding in magnesium10.1016/j.actamat.2019.11.020 ↗
25. Characterizing microscale deformation mechanisms and macroscopic tensile properties of a high strength magnesium rare-earth alloy: A combined experimental and crystal plasticity approach10.1016/j.actamat.2019.12.012 ↗
26. Evolution of stress in individual grains and twins in a magnesium alloy aggregate10.1103/PhysRevB.80.024113 ↗
27. On the deformation twinning of Mg AZ31B: A three-dimensional synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiment and crystal plasticity finite element model10.1016/j.ijplas.2015.03.001 ↗
28. Effect of age hardening on the deformation behavior of an Mg–Y–Nd alloy: In-situ X-ray diffraction and crystal plasticity modeling10.1016/j.msea.2015.01.069 ↗
29. In-situ X-ray diffraction studies of slip and twinning in the presence of precipitates in AZ91 alloy10.1016/j.actamat.2016.08.022 ↗
30. Using synchrotron radiation to improve under-standing of deformation of polycrystalline metals by measuring, modelling and publishing 4D information10.1088/1757-899X/580/1/012017 ↗
31. In situ analysis of deformation twins within a magnesium polycrystal: (II) twin growth10.1016/j.micron.2019.01.001 ↗
32. Onset of detwinning in Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy: A synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction study10.1016/j.scriptamat.2020.08.044 ↗
33. Study of the mechanical properties of Mg-7.7at.% Al by in-situ neutron diffraction10.1080/01418619908210386 ↗
34. Internal strain and texture evolution during deformation twinning in magnesium10.1016/j.msea.2005.02.016 ↗
35. Internal stress relaxation and load redistribution during the twinning–detwinning-dominated cyclic deformation of a wrought magnesium alloy, ZK60A10.1016/j.actamat.2008.04.006 ↗
36. In situ neutron diffraction investigation of deformation twinning and pseudoelastic-like behaviour of extruded AZ31 magnesium alloy10.1016/j.ijplas.2008.08.002 ↗
37. The effects of texture and extension twinning on the low-cycle fatigue behavior of a rolled magnesium alloy, AZ31B10.1016/j.msea.2010.07.047 ↗
38. Investigation of deformation dynamics in a wrought magnesium alloy10.1016/j.ijplas.2014.07.005 ↗
39. Unraveling cyclic deformation mechanisms of a rolled magnesium alloy using in situ neutron diffraction10.1016/j.actamat.2014.11.030 ↗
40. An atomic displacive model for 101¯21¯011 twinning in hexagonal close packed metals with the emphasis on the role of partial stacking faults in formation of {101¯2} twins10.1016/j.actamat.2018.03.028 ↗
41. On the slip and twinning mechanisms on first order pyramidal plane of magnesium: Molecular dynamics simulations and first principal studies10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108648 ↗
42. Anisotropic surface segregation in Al − Mg alloys10.1016/S0039-6028(96)01154-5 ↗
43. Magnesium interatomic potential for simulating plasticity and fracture phenomena10.1088/0965-0393/23/1/015004 ↗
44. First-principles data for solid-solution strengthening of magnesium: From geometry and chemistry to properties10.1016/j.actamat.2010.06.045 ↗
45. Solute strengthening of twinning dislocations in Mg alloys10.1016/j.actamat.2014.07.045 ↗
46. Atomistic simulations of dislocation mobility in Al, Ni and Al/Mg alloys10.1088/0965-0393/13/3/007 ↗
47. Atomistic modeling of the interaction of glide dislocations with “weak” interfaces10.1016/j.actamat.2008.07.041 ↗
48. Effect of boundary conditions on the MD simulation of nanoindentation10.1016/j.commatsci.2014.08.013 ↗
49. Large scale atomistic simulation of size effects during nanoindentation: Dislocation length and hardness10.1016/j.msea.2015.03.024 ↗
50. Atomistic simulation of size effects in single-crystalline metals of confined volumes during nanoindentation10.1016/j.commatsci.2015.09.004 ↗
51. Size effects in fcc crystals during the high rate compression test10.1016/j.actamat.2016.09.010 ↗
52. Size and strain rate effects in metallic samples of confined volumes: Dislocation length distribution10.1016/j.scriptamat.2016.12.001 ↗
53. Microstructural investigation of the hardening mechanism in fcc crystals during high rate deformations10.1016/j.commatsci.2017.06.003 ↗
54. The effects of temperature and strain rate in fcc and bcc metals during extreme defor-mation rates10.1016/j.actamat.2018.03.029 ↗
55. Shahbeyk, S., Voyiadjis, G.Z., Habibi, V., Astaneh, S.H., and Yaghoobi, M. (2019). Review of Size Effects during Micropillar Com-pression Test: Experiments and Atomistic Simulations. Crystals, 9.10.3390/cryst9110591 ↗
56. Ligament size dependency of strain hardening and ductil-ity in nanoporous gold10.1016/j.commatsci.2020.109920 ↗
57. The role of twinning deformation on the hardening response of poly-crystalline magnesium from discrete dislocation dynamics simulations10.1016/j.actamat.2015.03.039 ↗
58. Effects of twin boundary orientation on plasticity of bicrystalline copper micropillars: A discrete dislocation dynamics simulation study10.1016/j.actamat.2019.07.007 ↗
59. Voyiadjis, G.Z., and Yaghoobi, M. (2019). Size Effects in Plasticity: From Macro to Nano, Academic Press.
60. Simulation of the rolling and shear texture of brass by the Taylor theory adapted for mechanical twinning10.1016/0001-6160(78)90111-6 ↗
61. A model for texture development dominated by deformation twinning: Application to zirconium alloys10.1016/0956-7151(91)90083-D ↗
62. Incorporation of deformation twinning in crystal plasticity models10.1016/S0022-5096(97)00051-3 ↗
63. Inelastic deformation of polycrystalline face centered cubic materials by slip and twinning10.1016/S0022-5096(97)00071-9 ↗
64. A constitutive model for hcp materials deforming by slip and twinning: Application to magnesium alloy AZ31B10.1016/S0749-6419(03)00039-1 ↗
65. Incorporation of twinning into a crystal plasticity finite element model: Evolution of lattice strains and texture in Zircaloy-210.1016/j.ijplas.2011.04.005 ↗
66. Continuum modeling of the response of a Mg alloy AZ31 rolled sheet during uniaxial deformation10.1016/j.ijplas.2011.05.002 ↗
67. Phenomenological crystal plasticity modeling and detailed micromechanical investigations of pure magnesium10.1016/j.jmps.2012.01.005 ↗
68. Three-dimensional investigation of grain boundary-twin interactions in a Mg AZ31 alloy by electron backscatter diffraction and continuum modeling10.1016/j.actamat.2013.09.005 ↗
69. A polycrystal based numerical investigation on the temperature dependence of slip resistance and texture evolution in magnesium alloy AZ31B10.1016/j.ijplas.2013.09.011 ↗
70. Internal strain and texture development during twinning: Comparing neutron dif-fraction measurements with crystal plasticity finite-element approaches10.1016/j.actamat.2012.01.016 ↗
71. Multi-scale modeling and experimental study of twin inception and propagation in hexagonal close-packed materials using a crystal plasticity finite element approach; part II: Local behavior10.1016/j.jmps.2012.10.017 ↗
72. Study of 3-D stress development in parent and twin pairs of a hexagonal close-packed polycrystal: Part II—Crystal plasticity finite element modeling10.1016/j.actamat.2015.04.025 ↗
73. Modeling of twin formation, propagation and growth in a Mg single crystal based on crystal plasticity finite element method10.1016/j.ijplas.2016.08.002 ↗
74. Deformation behavior upon two-step loading in a magnesium alloy sheet10.1016/j.ijplas.2016.03.009 ↗
75. Effects of lattice orientation and crack tip constraint on ductile fracture initiation in Mg single crystals10.1016/j.ijplas.2017.06.004 ↗
76. A self-consistent anisotropic approach for the simulation of plastic deformation and texture development of polycrystals: Application to zirconium alloys10.1016/0956-7151(93)90130-K ↗
77. Application of texture simulation to understanding mechanical behavior of Mg and solid solution alloys containing Li or Y10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00297-X ↗
78. Numerical study of the stress state of a deformation twin in magnesium10.1016/j.actamat.2014.10.048 ↗
79. An extended Taylor model to simulate localized deformation phenomena in magnesium alloys10.1016/j.ijplas.2015.10.012 ↗
80. Multiscale modeling of plasticity based on embedding the viscoplastic selfconsistent formulation in implicit finite elements10.1016/j.ijplas.2011.07.002 ↗
81. Integration of self-consistent polycrystal plasticity with dislocation density based hardening laws within an implicit finite element framework: Application to low-symmetry metals10.1016/j.jmps.2013.05.005 ↗
82. A multiscale simulation framework of the accumulative roll bonding process accounting for texture evolution10.1016/j.msea.2015.02.005 ↗
83. Strain rate and temperature sensitive multi-level crystal plasticity model for large plastic deformation behavior: Application to AZ31 magnesium alloy10.1016/j.ijplas.2016.04.005 ↗
84. Mechanical response, twinning, and texture evolution of WE43 magnesium-rare earth alloy as a function of strain rate: Experiments and multi-level crystal plasticity modeling10.1016/j.ijplas.2019.04.019 ↗
85. A phase-field model of twinning and detwinning coupled with dislocation-based crystal plasticity for HCP metals10.1016/j.commatsci.2014.08.034 ↗
86. An integrated crystal plasticity–phase field model for spatially resolved twin nucleation, propagation, and growth in hexagonal materials10.1016/j.ijplas.2018.03.009 ↗
87. Modeling texture, twinning and hardening evolution during deformation of hexagonal materials10.1016/j.actamat.2006.11.017 ↗
88. Modeling the effect of twinning and detwinning during strain-path changes of magnesium alloy AZ3110.1016/j.ijplas.2008.05.005 ↗
89. Cyclic behavior of extruded magnesium: Experimental, microstructural and numerical approach10.1016/j.ijplas.2011.06.002 ↗
90. A constitutive model of twinning and detwinning for hexagonal close packed polycrystals10.1016/j.msea.2012.06.038 ↗
91. Modeling inelastic behavior of magnesium alloys during cyclic loading–unloading10.1016/j.ijplas.2013.01.007 ↗
92. A crystal plasticity model for hexagonal close packed (HCP) crystals including twinning and de-twinning mechanisms10.1016/j.ijplas.2013.02.016 ↗
93. Modeling twinning and detwinning behavior of Mg alloy ZK60A during monotonic and cyclic loading10.1016/j.ijplas.2014.08.010 ↗
94. Hama, T., and Takuda, H. (2012). Crystal plasticity finite-element simulation of deformation behavior in a magnesium alloy sheet considering detwinning. Steel Res. Int., 1115–1118.
95. Effect of twinning and detwinning on inelastic behavior during unloading in a magnesium alloy sheet10.1016/j.msea.2013.06.070 ↗
96. Crystal-plasticity finite-element analysis of anisotropic deformation behavior in a commercially pure titanium Grade 1 sheet10.1016/j.ijplas.2016.12.005 ↗
97. Numerical investigation of the influence of twinning/detwinning on fatigue crack initiation in AZ31 magnesium alloy10.1016/j.msea.2019.03.030 ↗
98. A quantitative study of stress fields ahead of a slip band blocked by a grain boundary in unalloyed magnesium10.1038/s41598-020-59684-y ↗
99. The plastic deformation of polycrystalline aggregates10.1080/14786436208201857 ↗
100. A micromechanical theory of grain-size dependence in metal plasticity10.1016/0022-5096(83)90021-2 ↗