Moiré‐Pattern‐Tuned Electronic Structures of van der Waals Heterostructures

Abstract Moiré patterns are quasi‐periodic geometric patterns generated by the incommensurate stacking between two monolayers; they have rapidly attracted enormous attention due to their profound ability to modulate the electronic properties of 2D materials. For instance, the Bloch band of the Moiré superlattice, which is known as the Moiré band, can become flat at a specific series of discrete angles, and these flat bands are capable of exhibiting strong correlation behaviors such as the high‐temperature superconductivity reported recently. Moiré patterns can alter electronic properties, while surface reconstruction can modify Moiré patterns. In this review, the fundamental geometry is discussed and the basic electronic structure modification is summarized. Surface reconstruction is a method of tuning the electronic properties of a Moiré superlattice. Strong correlation phenomena, such as superconductivity, superfluidity, and magnetism induced by the flat bands, have been confirmed experimentally in recent years, which will be discussed in detail. Some possible application opportunities based on the fascinating characteristics of the Moiré pattern will also be presented. Because of the growing interest in Moiré patterns and related physical phenomena, it is anticipated that a deeper understanding of the fundamental physics of Moiré systems and further progress in the investigation of strong correlation phenomena are forthcoming.