journal article·2026-04-30Open access

The Influence of Discontinuous Dynamic Recrystallization on the Microstructure and Distribution of Plastic Deformations in Pure Aluminum and Copper at High Strain Rates

Evgenii Fomin, Ilya Bryukhanov

Crystals· Volume 16· Issue 5

Abstract

Dynamic recrystallization processes are known to significantly affect both the mechanical properties and the microstructure of materials. In this paper, we investigate the influence of discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (dDRX) during deformation at high strain rates (from 104 to 105 s−1) and elevated temperatures in pure aluminum and copper (in the range of 700–800 K for aluminum and 800–1100 K for copper). For this purpose, we propose a theoretical model in which the material is described within the framework of continuum mechanics, plastic deformations are modeled using a dislocation plasticity approach, the equation of state is represented by a neural network, and the microstructure evolution is simulated using the cellular automata method. The model is applied to uniaxial compression and tension of copper and aluminum polycrystals with an initial average grain size of 14 μm. It is shown that grain refinement occurs in all systems. The average grain size decreases from 14 μm to 4–5 μm. The distribution of plastic and total strains in the polycrystals is presented. In all considered systems, deformation localization is observed, and the localization pattern changes due to the nucleation of new grains and grain boundary surfaces during dynamic recrystallization.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Metallurgy and Material Forming · Microstructure and mechanical properties · High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Institute of Mechanics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119192, Russia

Funding

Russian Science Foundation

References (49)

Show source-provided references
1. Lv, J., Zheng, J.-H., Yardley, V.A., Shi, Z., and Lin, J. (2020). A Review of Microstructural Evolution and Modelling of Aluminium Alloys under Hot Forming Conditions. Metals, 10.10.3390/met10111516 ↗
2. Hot isostatic pressing-induced dynamic recrystallization in pure copper: Mechanisms and implications for work hardening enhancement10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.184654 ↗
3. The origin of different microstructural and strengthening mechanisms of T copper and brass in their dissimilar friction stir welded joint10.1016/j.msea.2018.08.068 ↗
4. Newishy, M., Jaskari, M., Järvenpää, A., Fujii, H., and Abdel-Aleem, H.A. (2023). Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Al 6061-T6 to AISI 316 Stainless Steel: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties. Materials, 16.10.3390/ma16114085 ↗
5. Multiscale simulation of grain refinement induced by dynamic T recrystallization of Ti6Al4V alloy during high speed machining10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2020.116834 ↗
6. Kinetic model for describing continuous and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization behaviors of 2195 aluminum alloy during hot deformation10.1016/j.matchar.2021.111492 ↗
7. Dynamic recrystallization of copper polycrystals with different purities10.1016/S0921-5093(99)00004-0 ↗
8. Hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of hot-extruded 6A02 aluminum alloy10.1016/j.matchar.2022.111908 ↗
9. Initiation of dynamic recrystallization under inhomogeneous stress states in pure copper10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00313-4 ↗
10. Dynamic recrystallization in high purity aluminum10.1016/S1359-6462(97)00346-1 ↗
11. Examination of high-temperature mechanisms and behavior under compression and processing maps of pure copper10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.11.036 ↗
12. Liu, H., Hua, Y., Li, W., Hou, Z., Dong, J., and Liu, Y. (2024). Effect of Trace Bismuth on Deformation Behavior of Ultrahigh-Purity Copper during Hot Compression. Coatings, 14.10.3390/coatings14101261 ↗
13. Yang, Q., Wojcik, T., and Kozeschnik, E. (2024). Continuous Dynamic Recrystallization and Deformation Behavior of an AA1050 Aluminum Alloy during High-Temperature Compression. Metals, 14.10.3390/met14080889 ↗
14. Deformation-activated recrystallization twin: New twinning path in pure aluminum enabled by cryogenic and rapid compression10.1016/j.isci.2022.104248 ↗
15. Modelling continuous dynamic recrystallization of aluminum alloys based on the polycrystal plasticity approach10.1016/j.ijplas.2020.102710 ↗
16. Modeling of continuous dynamic recrystallization of Al-Zn-Cu-Mg alloy during hot deformation based on the internal-state-variable (ISV) method10.1016/j.ijplas.2018.03.002 ↗
17. Microstructure and mechanical properties of ultrafine grained 5052 Al alloy fabricated by multi-pass differential speed rolling10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.05.196 ↗
18. Effects of initial orientation on microstructure evolution of aluminum single crystals during hot deformation
19. Microstructural evolution characteristics and a unified dislocation-density related constitutive model for a 7046 aluminum alloy during hot tensile10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.06.008 ↗
20. Effect of strain rate on the recrystallization mechanism during isothermal T compression in 7050 aluminum alloy10.1016/j.msea.2018.07.068 ↗
21. Hot deformation behavior of aluminum alloys: A comprehensive review on deformation mechanism, processing maps analysis and constitutive model description10.1016/j.mtcomm.2025.112004 ↗
22. A predictive mesoscale model for continuous dynamic recrystallization10.1016/j.ijplas.2024.104022 ↗
23. Montheillet, M. (2018). Some Facts We Can Learn from Analytical Modeling of DDRX in Pure Metals and Solid Solutions. Metals, 8.10.3390/met8100789 ↗
24. Multiscale modeling of discontinuous dynamic recrystallization during hot working by coupling multilevel cellular automaton and finite element method10.1016/j.ijplas.2021.103064 ↗
25. Coupling crystal plasticity and cellular automaton models to study meta-dynamic recrystallization during hot rolling at high strain rates10.1016/j.msea.2022.143471 ↗
26. Simulation of discontinuous dynamic recrystallization in pure Cu using a probabilistic cellular automaton10.1016/j.commatsci.2010.04.012 ↗
27. Topological aspects responsible for recrystallization evolution in an IF-steel sheet—Investigation with cellular-automaton simulations10.1016/j.commatsci.2021.110643 ↗
28. A straightforward 3D polycrystal plasticity finite element method for dynamic/static recrystallization simulation10.1016/j.jmst.2024.09.005 ↗
29. Review on cellular automata simulations of microstructure evolution during metal forming process: Grain coarsening, recrystallization and phase transformation10.1007/s11431-011-4464-3 ↗
30. Investigation of the grain refinement mechanism in machining Ti-6Al-4V: Experiments and simulations10.1016/j.jmapro.2023.03.077 ↗
31. Coupled quantitative simulation of microstructural evolution and plastic flow during dynamic recrystallization10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00233-6 ↗
32. High- and low-entropy layers in solids behind shock and ramp compression waves10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2020.105971 ↗
33. Influence of local stresses on motion of edge dislocation in aluminum10.1016/j.ijplas.2017.11.002 ↗
34. Rodionov, E.S., Lupanov, V.G., Gracheva, N.A., Mayer, P.N., and Mayer, A.E. (2022). Taylor Impact Tests with Copper Cylinders: Experiments, Microstructural Analysis and 3D SPH Modeling with Dislocation Plasticity and MD-Informed Artificial Neural Network as Equation of State. Metals, 12.10.3390/met12020264 ↗
35. Modeling of plasticity and fracture of metals at shock loading10.1063/1.4805713 ↗
36. Dislocation based high-rate plasticity model and its application to plate-impact and ultra-short electron irradiation simulations10.1016/j.ijplas.2011.02.008 ↗
37. Theoretical Model of Structural Phase Transitions in Al-Cu Solid Solutions under Dynamic Loading Using Machine Learning10.3390/dynamics4030028 ↗
38. Fast parallel algorithms for short-range molecular dynamics10.1006/jcph.1995.1039 ↗
39. Interatomic potential for the Al-Cu system10.1103/PhysRevB.83.054116 ↗
40. A nucleation criterion for dynamic recrystallization during hot working10.1016/0001-6160(78)90030-5 ↗
41. A unified theory of recovery, recrystallization and grain growth, based on the stability and growth of cellular microstructures—I. The basic model10.1016/S1359-6454(97)00070-0 ↗
42. Influence of grain boundary energy anisotropy on the evolution of grain boundary network structure during 3D anisotropic grain growth10.1016/j.commatsci.2022.111879 ↗
43. Microstructural evolution of a Ti–6Al–4V alloy during -phase processing: Experimental and simulative investigations10.1016/j.msea.2003.09.024 ↗
44. Grain boundary strengthening of FCC polycrystals10.1557/jmr.2019.58 ↗
45. Strain localization in a nanocrystalline metal: Atomic mechanisms and the effect of testing conditions10.1063/1.4815965 ↗
46. Effect of microstructure on strain localization in a 7050 aluminum alloy: Comparison of experiments and modeling for various textures10.1016/j.msea.2016.03.012 ↗
47. High Strain Rate Deformation Behavior and Recrystallization of Alloy 71810.1007/s11661-021-06463-7 ↗
48. Origin of tension-compression asymmetry in ultrafine-grained fcc metals10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.1.033604 ↗
49. Vetter, J.S. (2013). “Lomonosov”: Supercomputing at Moscow state university. Contemporary High Performance Computing: From Petascale Toward Exascale, CRC Press.