A comprehensive review of freeform electrochemical additive manufacturing process

Freeform electrochemical additive manufacturing (FECAM) has emerged as a topical area of research and development in the field of metal additive manufacturing. It works on the principle of electrochemical deposition, enabling maskless fabrication of intricate geometries with high precision and minimized material wastage. However, controlling process parameters in FECAM is technically complex and requires deep understanding of their interdependence for enhancing the process capabilities. There is an evident deficit of a consolidated manuscript that critically reviews the current state-of-the-art in the field of ECAM. This article attempts to fill in this deficit by providing a systematic and critical review of ECAM with an emphasis on FECAM.