journal article·2026-07-16Open access

Additive Manufacturing of Alumina‐Reinforced Elastomers

Majid Barzegar Keyvani, Zongwen Fu, Robert Göstl, Hamed Shokri, Carmine Putignano, Gianluca Percoco, Bilal Gökce

Abstract

Vat photopolymerization (VPP) enables the fabrication of high‐resolution elastomeric components for soft robotic and functional applications; however, the limited mechanical robustness of printed elastomers restricts their structural applicability and long‐term durability. In this work, alumina‐reinforced elastomeric composites were fabricated via VPP by incorporating platelet‐shaped and sub‐micron alumina particles (3–9 wt%) into a commercial photocurable resin. The crystallographic texture of the fillers within the printed parts was quantified using the Lotgering factor (LF), enabling a comparative assessment of morphology‐dependent orientation. Platelet‐filled systems exhibited pronounced preferred orientation (LF up to ∼0.55) and lower porosity compared to sub‐micron systems (LF » 0), resulting in significant improvements in tensile performance. At 3 wt% platelet loading, the ultimate tensile strength increased from 12.4 to 45.7 MPa while fracture elongation nearly doubled relative to the neat resin. Cyclic testing further revealed enhanced strength retention at intermediate platelet loading. In contrast, sub‐micron alumina produced only moderate improvements due to limited orientation and higher defect sensitivity. The results demonstrate that filler morphology plays a decisive role in governing consolidation, orientation, and mechanical response in elastomeric VPP composites.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials · Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies · Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Polytechnic University of Bari Bari Italy

Chair of Materials Science and Additive Manufacturing University of Wuppertal Wuppertal Germany

Department of Chemistry and Biology University of Wuppertal Wuppertal Germany

DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Aachen Germany

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