Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Pyrite/Naringin/Brushite Composite Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering

Herein, pyrite‐leaching liquid and naringin‐loaded microspheres are incorporated into brushite to prepare composite scaffolds with enhanced osteogenic properties in vitro for bone tissue engineering. The results reveal that the loading of these two medicines has no significant effect on the crystalline phase of the composite, while some changes happen to the chemical groups when the dosage of the microspheres is controlled within 1.5 wt%. After soaking in phosphate buffer for 24 days, the composite containing 0%, 0.38 wt%, 0.75 wt%, and 1.50 wt% naringin‐loaded microspheres show a weight loss rate of 19.28%, 18.81%, 16.92%, and 14.14%, respectively. Simultaneously, the soaking assay reveals that the release of naringin and Fe are both kept within a safe level. A burst release of naringin is avoided since the highest concentration of naringin is detected on day 12 after immersion. The cell experiments show that all the composites have no toxicity to osteoblasts and allow the cells to grow on the surface. Furthermore, adding naringin‐loaded microspheres to the composite (0.75–1.5 wt%) promotes the mineralization ability and the alkaline phosphatase activity of the osteoblasts. Thus, the novel pyrite/naringin/brushite composite scaffold has the potential to be used in bone tissue engineering.