journal article·2025-11Open access

Soft‐Layered Composites with Wrinkling‐Activated Multi‐Linear Elastic Behavior, Stress Mitigation, and Enhanced Strain Energy Storage

Narges Kaynia, Nicholas Xuanlai Fang, Mary C. Boyce

Advanced Engineering Materials· Volume 27· Issue 22

Abstract

Soft elastomeric composite materials constituting of an elastomeric matrix with dilute concentrations of thin, relatively higher modulus interfacial layers are presented and demonstrated to exhibit enhanced strain energy storage together with a bi‐/multi‐linear elastic behavior and stress mitigation ‐ all with little to no weight penalty. In this study, the governing mechanism for these features is revealed to be the activation of wrinkling of the embedded interfacial layers upon reaching a critical strain, thereby amplifying energy storage in both the matrix and the interfacial layers. Furthermore, the energy storage in the composite is substantially greater than the sum of the energy storage of the isolated material constituents. The new features of the composite material behavior can be tailored by the concentration of the interfacial layers, and the elastic properties of the elastomeric matrix and interfacial layers. The results are demonstrated and validated through analytical derivations, finite‐element analysis, and experiments. The analytical expressions provide the ability to quantitatively design and predict the material performance. These soft‐layered composites point to opportunities for expanding these enhancements to networked interlayers, multifunctional interlayers, and viscoelastic elastomeric matrices for viscous damping together with energy storage.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Advanced Materials and Mechanics · Structural Analysis and Optimization · Cellular and Composite Structures

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA

Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong Kong Pok Fu‐Lam Hong Kong SAR 999077 China

Department of Mechanical Engineering Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA

Funding

Army Research Office · BASF Corporation

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