DataVXAdvanced Engineering MaterialsPaper
journal article·2025-08Open access

Incorporation of Fe2O3 Spacer Molecules in Microwave‐Exfoliated Graphene Oxide as Efficient Electrodes for Simultaneous Detection of Cd2+, Pb2+, and Hg2+ in Water

Francis Ashamary, Mari Elancheziyan, Raji Atchudan, Andreas Rosenkranz, NarayanaMoorthy Bhuvanendran, Paskalis Sahaya Murphin Kumar, Pramod K. Kalambate, Devaraj Manoj

Advanced Engineering Materials· Volume 27· Issue 15
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Abstract

Toxic adverse effects to human beings caused by heavy metal ions resemble a serious threat to mankind and often appear in the journal headlines. However, simultaneous detection of heavy metal ions using analytical tools is challenging. In this regard, simultaneous electrochemical detection of Cd2+, Pb2+, and Hg2+ ions in water is presented using iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanostructures as spacers incorporated between microwave‐exfoliated graphene oxide (MEGO). First, Fe2O3 nanostructures are synthesized using ferric nitrate in presence of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and followed by their in‐situ incorporation into expanded graphene oxide (GO). Exfoliated GO accommodates large amount of Fe2O3 nanoparticles via microwave‐assisted method, minimizing the restacking of GO sheets. Consequently, Fe2O3‐incorporated MEGO (Fe2O3‐MEGO) fabricated on screen‐printed electrodes (SPE) demonstrate well‐separated anodic peak potentials at −0.65, −0.45, and +0.27 V for Cd2+, Pb2+, and Hg2+ ions. Moreover, Fe2O3‐MEGO/SPE electrode exhibits wide linear range (0.4 to 74.78 μM), high sensitivities (8.11, 9.59, and 3.01 μA μM−1 cm−2) with low detection limits (0.2, 0.17, and 0.25 μM) for Cd2+, Pb2+, and Hg2+ ions, respectively. Therefore, this kind of incorporating nanomaterials as spacer molecules between GO allows for the design of alternative pathways to minimize restacking of GO and to increase sensitivity toward multiple targeted species.
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Research context

Nanomaterials

OpenAlex topics: Electrochemical Analysis and Applications · Electrochemical sensors and biosensors · Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Chemistry Karpagam Academy of Higher Education Coimbatore 641021 India

Centre for Material Chemistry Karpagam Academy of Higher Education Coimbatore 641021 India

Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering College of Engineering Dongguk University‐Seoul 30 Pildong‐ro 1‐gil Jung‐gu Seoul 04620 Republic of Korea

Department of Chemistry Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai 602105 India

School of Chemical Engineering Yeungnam University Gyeongsan 38541 Republic of Korea

Department for Chemical Engineering Biotechnology and Materials University of Chile Santiago 8345000 Chile

Department of Environmental Science and Engineering SRM University‐AP Amaravati 522 240 India

Department of Chemistry Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS) Saveetha University Chennai 602105 India

Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High‐Tech Innovations National Chung Cheng University Chia‐Yi 62102 Taiwan

Department of Chemical Engineering National Chung Cheng University Chia‐Yi 62102 Taiwan

Department of Chemistry & Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo Waterloo N2L 3G1 Ontario Canada

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