journal article·2026-03-04

Vat Photopolymerization Additive Manufacturing for Advanced Ceramics: Techniques, Multimaterial Strategies, and Applications

Shulei Xu, Chuanzhen Huang, Hanlian Liu, Jun Huang

Advanced Engineering Materials· Volume 28· Issue 5
Publisher page

Abstract

Vat photopolymerization additive manufacturing (VPP‐AM) technology has emerged as a pivotal technology for the precision manufacturing of advanced ceramics, owing to its unique design freedom, superior manufacturing accuracy, and excellent surface quality. However, traditional homogeneous single‐material ceramic components have revealed functional limitations, driving the transition of ceramic VPP‐AM from single‐material systems to multimaterial composite architectures. Multimaterial VPP‐AM enables the integrated fabrication of diverse ceramic materials, thereby producing components with comprehensive properties. Although various literature has reviewed VPP‐AM of single‐material ceramics, a summary regarding manufacturing strategies, cleaning mechanisms, and applications of multimaterial ceramics remains lacking. This review systematically summarizes the preparation strategies, applications, and recent advances in VPP‐AM for single‐material and multimaterial ceramic fabrication. Photopolymerization forming principles of ceramic components and their innovative applications for six representative single‐material ceramics VPP technologies are analyzed and discussed. Three core multimaterial ceramic manufacturing strategies, such as switching vat, dynamic fluidic control, and VPP hybridization are comprehensively elucidated. Cleaning methods and multimaterial interface design strategies are also introduced in detail. Prospective outlooks are provided regarding the existing technical bottlenecks and future development directions for multimaterial ceramic VPP‐AM, offering technical insights for the innovative design of high‐performance multifunctional composite ceramic devices.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies · Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials · Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Center for Advanced Jet Engineering Technologies (CaJET) Key Laboratory of High‐efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture (Ministry of Education) National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Mechanical Engineering (Shandong University) School of Mechanical Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250061 China

School of Mechanical Engineering Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 China

References (100+)

Show source-provided references
1. 10.1016/j.addma.2023.10364510.1016/j.addma.2023.103645 ↗
2. 10.1016/j.seppur.2024.12839910.1016/j.seppur.2024.128399 ↗
3. 10.1016/j.addma.2020.10110610.1016/j.addma.2020.101106 ↗
4. 10.1038/s41598-018-26980-710.1038/s41598-018-26980-7 ↗
5. 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.00810.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.008 ↗
6. 10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.12.01010.1016/j.ceramint.2022.12.010 ↗
7. 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.11.01510.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.11.015 ↗
8. 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2024.05.06010.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2024.05.060 ↗
9. 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.11937810.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.119378 ↗
10. 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2024.11702810.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2024.117028 ↗
11. 10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.08.21210.1016/j.ceramint.2023.08.212 ↗
12. 10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.10881910.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108819 ↗
13. 10.3390/pr809113810.3390/pr8091138 ↗
14. 10.1002/adem.20220052010.1002/adem.202200520 ↗
15. 10.1088/2631-7990/ad4a2c10.1088/2631-7990/ad4a2c ↗
16. 10.1016/j.mtadv.2024.10046610.1016/j.mtadv.2024.100466 ↗
17. 10.1016/j.jmst.2023.06.00610.1016/j.jmst.2023.06.006 ↗
18. 10.1016/j.addma.2025.10470310.1016/j.addma.2025.104703 ↗
19. 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.02.03910.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.02.039 ↗
20. 10.3390/polym1304059810.3390/polym13040598 ↗
21. 10.1016/j.jmst.2022.06.03910.1016/j.jmst.2022.06.039 ↗
22. 10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.38910.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.389 ↗
23. 10.1111/jace.2004310.1111/jace.20043 ↗
24. 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2020.10073610.1016/j.pmatsci.2020.100736 ↗
25. 10.1016/j.addma.2025.10500810.1016/j.addma.2025.105008 ↗
26. 10.3390/polym1421463510.3390/polym14214635 ↗
27. 10.1016/j.coche.2020.03.00410.1016/j.coche.2020.03.004 ↗
28. 10.1021/acsapm.1c0026210.1021/acsapm.1c00262 ↗
29. 10.1038/s44334-024-00005-w10.1038/s44334-024-00005-w ↗
30. 10.1038/s41467-024-45039-y10.1038/s41467-024-45039-y ↗
31. 10.3390/ma1602058510.3390/ma16020585 ↗
32. 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2023.11.00910.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2023.11.009 ↗
33. 10.1016/j.addma.2022.10273210.1016/j.addma.2022.102732 ↗
34. 10.1108/RPJ-07-2017-014410.1108/RPJ-07-2017-0144 ↗
35. 10.1038/s41467-022-35622-610.1038/s41467-022-35622-6 ↗
36. 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.12933710.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.129337 ↗
37. 10.1016/j.addma.2021.10242310.1016/j.addma.2021.102423 ↗
38. 10.3390/polym1412244910.3390/polym14122449 ↗
39. 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.11789110.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117891 ↗
40. 10.3390/polym1720276910.3390/polym17202769 ↗
41. 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2023.10.06710.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2023.10.067 ↗
42. 10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.03.07510.1016/j.ceramint.2018.03.075 ↗
43. 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2022.10096910.1016/j.pmatsci.2022.100969 ↗
44. C. W.Hull US4575330A [P/OL] U.S. Patent1986.
45. J. W.Halloran M. L.Griffith Inter. Solid Freeform Fabrication Symp. University of Texas at Austin Austin TX(US)1994.
46. 10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.18086010.1016/j.jallcom.2025.180860 ↗
47. 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1996.tb09022.x10.1111/j.1151-2916.1996.tb09022.x ↗
48. 10.1016/j.jallcom.2024.17843810.1016/j.jallcom.2024.178438 ↗
49. 10.1016/j.cis.2024.10325110.1016/j.cis.2024.103251 ↗
50. 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.11110.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.111 ↗
51. 10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.09.07610.1016/j.ceramint.2022.09.076 ↗
52. 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.10.05110.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.10.051 ↗
53. 10.1016/j.surfin.2024.10436410.1016/j.surfin.2024.104364 ↗
54. 10.1002/sstr.20230034610.1002/sstr.202300346 ↗
55. 10.1039/D3TA01435E10.1039/D3TA01435E ↗
56. 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.05.19410.1016/j.ceramint.2024.05.194 ↗
57. 10.1016/j.cej.2024.15246910.1016/j.cej.2024.152469 ↗
58. Merkininkaitė G. · 2023
59. 10.1038/3508913010.1038/35089130 ↗
60. 10.1002/adfm.20221421110.1002/adfm.202214211 ↗
61. 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c0045410.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00454 ↗
62. 10.1016/j.addma.2020.10134310.1016/j.addma.2020.101343 ↗
63. 10.1002/adfm.20060000910.1002/adfm.200600009 ↗
64. 10.1039/b907923h10.1039/b907923h ↗
65. 10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.05.00510.1016/j.compositesa.2007.05.005 ↗
66. 10.1038/s41563-021-01111-210.1038/s41563-021-01111-2 ↗
67. 10.1002/smll.20210248610.1002/smll.202102486 ↗
68. 10.1002/adma.20200167510.1002/adma.202001675 ↗
69. 10.1002/advs.20230717510.1002/advs.202307175 ↗
70. 10.1002/adma.20251452010.1002/adma.202514520 ↗
71. 10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.09.23610.1016/j.ceramint.2025.09.236 ↗
72. E. V.Fudim US4752498A [P/OL] U.S. Patent1988.
73. 10.3390/pr809113810.3390/pr8091138 ↗
74. T.Nakamoto K.Yamaguchi MHS'96 Proc. of the Seventh Inter. Symp. on Micro Machine and Human Science IEEE Nagoya (Japan)1996 pp.53–58.
75. 10.1016/j.sna.2004.12.01110.1016/j.sna.2004.12.011 ↗
76. 10.1007/s00170-023-12847-310.1007/s00170-023-12847-3 ↗
77. 10.1088/2631-7990/ad878e10.1088/2631-7990/ad878e ↗
78. Ozkan B. · Int. J. Extreme Manuf. · 2023 · 43 · 1649
79. 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.01.00710.1016/j.ceramint.2024.01.007 ↗
80. 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.02.02610.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.02.026 ↗
81. 10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.07.21610.1016/j.ceramint.2021.07.216 ↗
82. 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.08.03710.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.08.037 ↗
83. 10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.10.14610.1016/j.ceramint.2021.10.146 ↗
84. S. C.Ventura S. C.Narang S.Sharma J.Stotts C.Liu S.Liu L.‐H.Ho D.Annavajjula S.J.Lombardo A.Hardy.Inter. Solid Freeform Fabrication Symp. University of Texas at Austin Austin TX(US)1996.
85. 10.1016/j.rineng.2023.10156010.1016/j.rineng.2023.101560 ↗
86. 10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.12.07210.1016/j.ceramint.2020.12.072 ↗
87. 10.1038/s41467-023-37335-w10.1038/s41467-023-37335-w ↗
88. 10.1016/j.jmat.2023.11.00410.1016/j.jmat.2023.11.004 ↗
89. 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.11.02410.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.11.024 ↗
90. 10.1016/j.addma.2024.10460510.1016/j.addma.2024.104605 ↗
91. 10.1016/j.addma.2023.10372010.1016/j.addma.2023.103720 ↗
92. 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.13166910.1016/j.seppur.2025.131669 ↗
93. 10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.10.27210.1016/j.ceramint.2023.10.272 ↗
94. 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2023.12.08910.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2023.12.089 ↗
95. 10.1115/1.404412810.1115/1.4044128 ↗
96. 10.1126/science.aaa239710.1126/science.aaa2397 ↗
97. 10.1115/1.404376510.1115/1.4043765 ↗
98. 10.1126/science.aax156210.1126/science.aax1562 ↗
99. 10.1126/sciadv.aau872310.1126/sciadv.aau8723 ↗
100. 10.1021/acsami.4c0736410.1021/acsami.4c07364 ↗