Characterization of Ti–6Al–4V Fabricated by Multilayer Laser Powder‐Based Directed Energy Deposition
Source abstract
Abstract
Laser powder‐based directed energy deposition (DED‐L) is increasingly being used in additive manufacturing (AM). As AM technology, DED‐L must consider specific challenges. It must achieve uniform volume growth over hundreds of layers and avoid heat buildup of the deposited material. Herein, Ti–6Al–4V is fabricated using an approach that addresses these challenges and is relevant in terms of transferability to DED–L applications in AM. The assessment of the obtained properties and the discussion of their relationship to the process conditions and resulting microstructure are presented. The quality of the manufacturing process is proven in terms of the reproducibility of properties between individual blanks and with respect to the building height. The characterization demonstrates that excellent mechanical properties are achieved at room temperature and at 400 °C.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes · High Entropy Alloys Studies · Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Materials Engineering Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany
Division of Joining and Coating Technology Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Pascalstraße 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany
Department of Component Safety Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany
Institute of Machine Tools and Factory Management Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 10623 Berlin Germany
Funding
Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -Prüfung
References (45)
Show source-provided references
1. 10.1007/978-3-319-58205-410.1007/978-3-319-58205-4 ↗
2. Peters M. · 2003
3. Froes F. H. · 2018
4. 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2017.10.00110.1016/j.pmatsci.2017.10.001 ↗
5. 10.1016/j.matdes.2018.10755210.1016/j.matdes.2018.107552 ↗
6. Boyer R. · 1994
7. 10.1007/s11837-019-03649-810.1007/s11837-019-03649-8 ↗
8. 10.1515/ijmr-1956-47080910.1515/ijmr-1956-470809 ↗
9. 10.1016/j.phpro.2012.10.05610.1016/j.phpro.2012.10.056 ↗
10. 10.2351/1.499785210.2351/1.4997852 ↗
11. 10.1007/s11837-015-1759-z10.1007/s11837-015-1759-z ↗
12. 10.1016/j.actamat.2014.12.05410.1016/j.actamat.2014.12.054 ↗
13. 10.1007/978-1-4757-1758-7_3510.1007/978-1-4757-1758-7_35 ↗
14. J. N.Montero A.Rodríguez J. M.Amado M. J.Tobar A.Yáñez presented atLasers Manufacturing Conf. Munich Germany June 2015.
15. DIN EN 3312:2012-05 Aerospace Series – Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V – Annealed – Forgings – De<=150 mm Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V. (DIN) Beuth Verlag Berlin2012.
16. ASTM B348/B348M-19 Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and Billets ASTM International West Conshohocken PA2019.
17. Eder A. · 2001
18. DIN EN ISO 18265:2014-02: Metallic Materials – Conversion of Hardness Values Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V. Berlin2014.
19. 10.1007/s12540-011-1006-210.1007/s12540-011-1006-2 ↗
20. 10.1179/03071697480328760910.1179/030716974803287609 ↗
21. 10.1186/s12859-017-1934-z10.1186/s12859-017-1934-z ↗
22. DIN EN ISO 1183-2 Plastics – Methods for Determining the Density of Non-Cellular Plastics – Part 2: Density Gradient Column Method Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V. Beuth Verlag Berlin2019.
23. DIN EN ISO 6507-1: 2018-07 Metallic Materials – Vickers Hardness Test – Part 1: Test Method Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V. (DIN) Beuth Verlag Berlin2018.
24. Material Datasheet Titan Grade 5 https://www.thyssenkrupp-materials.ch/de/downloads/werkstoffdatenblaetter-titan (accessed: February 2018).
25. DIN 50125:2016-12 Testing of Metallic Materials – Tensile Test Pieces Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V. Beuth Verlag Berlin2016.
26. DIN EN ISO 6892-1:2017-02 Metallic Materials – Tensile Testing Part 1: Method of Test at Room Temperature Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V. (DIN) Beuth Verlag Berlin2017.
27. DIN EN ISO 6892-2: 2018-09 Metallic Materials – Tensile Testing – Part 2: Method of Test at Elevated Temperature Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V. (DIN) Beuth Verlag Berlin2018.
28. Guideline DVS 2713 (04/2016). Welding of Titanium Materials Processes Manufacture Inspection and Evaluation of Weld Joints with Supplementary Sheet DVS Technical Committee Working Group “Welding in Aviation and Aerospace Engine” Düsseldorf2016.
29. 10.1179/1743290114Y.000000010810.1179/1743290114Y.0000000108 ↗
30. 10.1088/1757-899X/258/1/01200710.1088/1757-899X/258/1/012007 ↗
31. 10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00802-210.1016/S0921-5093(97)00802-2 ↗
32. ASTM E112-13 Standard Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size ASTM International West Conshohocken PA2013.
33. DIN EN ISO 643:2013-05 Steel – Microphotographic Determination of the Apparent Grain Size Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V. (DIN) Beuth Verlag Berlin2013.
34. 10.1038/s41598-016-0001-810.1038/s41598-016-0001-8 ↗
35. 10.3390/coatings907041810.3390/coatings9070418 ↗
36. 10.3390/met1011140810.3390/met10111408 ↗
37. 10.1016/j.addma.2018.11.02310.1016/j.addma.2018.11.023 ↗
38. 10.1016/j.addma.2021.10234010.1016/j.addma.2021.102340 ↗
39. 10.1016/j.promfg.2019.08.03310.1016/j.promfg.2019.08.033 ↗
40. 10.1016/B978-0-08-099431-4.00007-510.1016/B978-0-08-099431-4.00007-5 ↗
41. 10.1016/j.msea.2017.11.10310.1016/j.msea.2017.11.103 ↗
42. 10.1016/j.matlet.2017.04.05010.1016/j.matlet.2017.04.050 ↗
43. 10.1007/s11661-011-0731-y10.1007/s11661-011-0731-y ↗
44. 10.1007/s12540-016-5619-310.1007/s12540-016-5619-3 ↗
45. W.Gabauer The Determination of Uncertainties in Tensile Testing UNCERT COP 07:2000 Manual of Codes of Practice for the Determination of Uncertainties in Mechanical Tests on Metallic Materials Code of Practice No. 07 Austria 2000.