journal article·2025-04Open access

FAIR and Structured Data: A Domain Ontology Aligned with Standard‐Compliant Tensile Testing

Markus Schilling, Bernd Bayerlein, Philipp von Hartrott, Jörg Waitelonis, Henk Birkholz, Pedro Dolabella Portella, Birgit Skrotzki

Advanced Engineering Materials· Volume 27· Issue 8

Abstract

The digitalization of materials science and engineering (MSE) is currently leading to remarkable advancements in materials research, design, and optimization, fueled by computer‐driven simulations, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. While these developments promise to accelerate materials innovation, challenges in quality assurance, data interoperability, and data management have to be addressed. In response, the adoption of semantic web technologies has emerged as a powerful solution in MSE. Ontologies provide structured and machine‐actionable knowledge representations that enable data integration, harmonization, and improved research collaboration. This study focuses on the tensile test ontology (TTO), which semantically represents the mechanical tensile test method and is developed within the project Plattform MaterialDigital (PMD) in connection with the PMD Core Ontology. Based on ISO 6892‐1, the test standard‐compliant TTO offers a structured vocabulary for tensile test data, ensuring data interoperability, transparency, and reproducibility. By categorizing measurement data and metadata, it facilitates comprehensive data analysis, interpretation, and systematic search in databases. The path from developing an ontology in accordance with an associated test standard, converting selected tensile test data into the interoperable resource description framework format, up to connecting the ontology and data is presented. Such a semantic connection using a data mapping procedure leads to an enhanced ability of querying. The TTO provides a valuable resource for materials researchers and engineers, promoting data and metadata standardization and sharing. Its usage ensures the generation of finable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable data while maintaining both human and machine actionability.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Research Data Management Practices · Scientific Computing and Data Management · Semantic Web and Ontologies

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department 5.2 ‐ Metallic High‐Temperature Materials Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany

Assessment of Materials and Lifetime Concepts Fraunhofer‐Institut für Werkstoffmechanik IWM Wöhlerstr. 11 79108 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany

Information Service Engineering FIZ Karlsruhe ‐ Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen Germany

Process Engineering Leibniz‐Institut für Werkstofforientierte Technologien – IWT Badgasteiner Str. 3 28359 Bremen Germany

Funding

Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung

References (78)

Show source-provided references
1. Alam M. · Mater. Sci. · 2020
2. Kimmig J. · Adv. Mat. · 2021 · 33 · 200494010.1002/adma.202004940 ↗
3. Lin L. · Mater. Today · 2019 · 28 · 4910.1016/j.mattod.2019.05.022 ↗
4. Wilkinson M. · Sci. Data · 2016 · 3 · 110.1038/sdata.2016.18 ↗
5. Materials Genome Initiative Materials Genome Initiative 2014 https://www.mgi.gov/(accessed: 03 March 2024).
6. National Institute for Materials Science DICE Materials Data Platform with Greatly Improved Data Collection and Accumulation Capabilities 2023 https://www.nims.go.jp/eng/news/press/2023/01/202301170.html(accessed: 03 March 2024).
7. Centre national de la recherche scientifique The 'Diadem’ (materials) exploratory PEPR 2023 https://www.cnrs.fr/en/pepr/pepr‐exploratoire‐diademe‐materiaux(accessed: 03 March 2024).
8. Fundación IMDEA Materiales materplat 2023 https://materplat.org/(accessed: 03 March 2024).
9. Materials Commons Materials Commons 2.0 2020 https://materialscommons.org/(accessed: 03 March 2024).
10. re3data.org Registry of Research Data Repositories 2020 https://doi.org/10.17616/R3D(accessed: 03 March 2024).
11. U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) NSF invests $26.7 million in building the first‐ever prototype open knowledge network 2023 https://new.nsf.gov/tip/updates/nsf‐invests‐first‐ever‐prototype‐open‐knowledge‐network(accessed: 03 March 2024).
12. EMMC ASBL European Materials Modelling Council The European Materials Modelling Council 2014 https://emmc.eu/(accessed: 03 March 2024).
13. NFDI Consortium NFDI Nationale Forschungsdaten Infrastruktur 2020 https://www.nfdi.de/?lang=en (accessed: 03 March 2024).
14. NFDI‐MatWerk Consortium NFDI‐MatWerk 2021 https://nfdi‐matwerk.de/(accessed: 03 March 2024).
15. Platform MaterialDigital Material Digital ‐ The Material Digitalization Platform 2019 https://materialdigital.de/(accessed: 03 March 2024).
16. ISO 6892‐1:2019‐11 Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at room temperature International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Geneva Switzerland2019.
17. T.Austin C.Bullough D.Gagliardi M.Loveday D.Leal A Guide to the Development and Use of Standard Compliant Data Format for Engineering Materials Test Data 2010 Retrieved fromhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/262047187_A_Guide_to_the_Development_and_Use_of_Standard_Compliant_Data_Format_for_Engineering_Materials_Test_Data (accessed: 15 December 2023).
18. M.Head in1998 IEEE AUTOTESTCON Proc. at IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conf. Test Technology for the 21st Century (Cat. No.98CH36179) 1998 pp.479–485.
19. Young T. · 180710.5962/bhl.title.22458 ↗
20. Martens · 1898
21. Hentschel K. · NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin · 2011 · 19 · 510.1007/s00048-010-0046-x ↗
22. Zheng P. · Fusion Eng. Des. · 2020 · 161 · 11200610.1016/j.fusengdes.2020.112006 ↗
23. Lucas G. E. · J. Nucl. Mater. · 2002 · 307 · 160010.1016/S0022-3115(02)01171-6 ↗
24. Karthik V. · Nucl. Eng. Des. · 2018 · 330 · 53810.1016/j.nucengdes.2018.01.016 ↗
25. Rund M. · Procedia Eng. · 2015 · 114 · 41010.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.086 ↗
26. Introduction to Tensile Testing (Ed:J.R.Davis)Tensile Testing ASM International Michigan2004 https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.tt2.9781627083553.10.31399/asm.tb.tt2.9781627083553 ↗
27. Harding J. · J. Mech. Eng. Sci. · 1960 · 2 · 8810.1243/JMES_JOUR_1960_002_016_02 ↗
28. D. H.Carter W. S.Gibbs inSymp. on Automation of Mechanical Testing Amer Soc Testing and Materials Pittsburgh PA 1992 pp.28–39.10.1520/STP19263S ↗
29. Mahaffey R. R. · 1990 · 20710.1007/978-1-4684-9105-0_16 ↗
30. Faulkner H. C. · Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. · 1991 · 13 · 21110.1016/0169-7439(92)90003-X ↗
31. Machina H. K. · Jala · 2013 · 18 · 264
32. Nasrabadi H. B. · Comput. Indust. · 2023 · 153 · 10401610.1016/j.compind.2023.104016 ↗
33. Valdestilhas A. · Adv. Intell. Syst. · 2023 · 5 · 230005110.1002/aisy.202300051 ↗
34. RDF Working Group Resource Description Framework (RDF) 2014 https://www.w3.org/RDF/(accessed: 16 January 2024).
35. W3C RDFCore working group 2003 https://www.w3.org/2001/sw/RDFCore/(accessed: 16 January 2024).
36. W3C W3C Semantic Web Activity 2013 https://www.w3.org/2001/sw/#rdf/(accessed: 16 January 2024).
37. Bizer C. · Int. J. Semant. Web. Inf. · 2009 · 5 · 1
38. Sahoo S. S. · W3C RDB2RDF Incubator Group Rep. · 2009 · 1 · 113
39. Sakr S. · SIGMOD Rec. · 2010 · 38 · 2310.1145/1815948.1815953 ↗
40. D.Brickley L.Miller FOAF Vocabulary Specification 0.99 2014 http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/(accessed: 03 March 2024).
41. Carchiolo V. · J. Comput. Syst. Sci. · 2003 · 66 · 29310.1016/S0022-0000(03)00002-3 ↗
42. Apvrille L. · IEEE Trans. Software Eng. · 2004 · 30 · 47310.1109/TSE.2004.34 ↗
43. Bayerlein B. · Adv. Eng. Mater. · 2022 · 24 · 210117610.1002/adem.202101176 ↗
45. Partridge C. · 2020
46. Platform MaterialDigital PMD Core Ontology Repository 2023 https://github.com/materialdigital/core‐ontology/(accessed: 03 March 2024).
47. Bayerlein B. · Mater. Des. · 2024 · 237 · 11260310.1016/j.matdes.2023.112603 ↗
48. R.Moller B.Neumann M.Wessel inProc. Integration of Speech and Image Understanding 1999 pp.101–115 https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIU.1999.824868.10.1109/ISIU.1999.824868 ↗
49. Cornet R. · 2003 · 6110.1007/978-3-540-39907-0_9 ↗
50. 10.1108/k.2003.06732iae.00610.1108/k.2003.06732iae.006 ↗
51. Konev B. · 2008 · 25910.1007/978-3-540-71070-7_21 ↗
52. Warren P. · 2014 · 55010.1007/978-3-319-07443-6_37 ↗
53. W3C Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL) 2017 https://www.w3.org/TR/shacl/(accessed: 03 March 2024).
54. LinkML Linked Data Modelling Language 2021 https://linkml.io/(accessed: 03 March 2024).
55. github GitHub 2008 https://github.com/(accessed: 03 March 2024).
56. Mat‐o‐Lab MatPortal ‐ the ontology repository for materials science 2022 https://matportal.org/ (accessed: 03 March 2024).
57. Ekaputra F. J. · Open J. Inf. Syst. · 2017 · 4 · 1
58. Aminu E. F. · Int. J. Inf. Eng. Electron. Business · 2020 · 12 · 28
59. ISO/IEC 21383‐1:2021‐08 Information technology — Top‐level ontologies (TLO) — Part 1: Requirements International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Geneva Switzerland 2021.
60. ISO/IEC 21383‐2:2021‐11 Information technology — Top‐level ontologies (TLO) — Part 2: Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Geneva Switzerland2021.
61. Stanford University Protégé 2016 https://protege.stanford.edu/(accessed: 03 March 2024).
62. 10.1007/s40192‐022‐00279‐y10.1007/s40192‐022‐00279‐y ↗
63. BAM Research GitHub OntoPanel Frontend Repository 2022 https://github.com/BAMresearch/Ontopanel‐frontend(accessed: 03 March 2024).
64. JGraph Ltd diagrams.net/draw.io 2005 https://www.diagrams.net/(accessed: 03 March 2024).
65. Mat‐o‐Lab Materials Open Laboratory: Mat‐O‐Lab 2021 https://mat‐o‐lab.github.io/OrgSite/(accessed: 03 March 2024).
66. Poveda‐Villalón M. · Int. J. Semant. Web Inf. Syst. · 2014 · 10 · 710.4018/ijswis.2014040102 ↗
67. JSON Schema Org json‐schema‐spec 2022 https://github.com/json‐schema‐org/json‐schema‐spec/(accessed: 03 March 2024).
68. FAIRsharing.org: QUDT; Quantities Units Dimensions and Types https://doi.org/10.25504/FAIRsharing.d3pqw7 Last Edited: Friday 6 May 2022 11:03 Last Editor: Delphine Dauga Last Accessed: Monday 31 July 2023 13:59.
69. Hastings J. · Nucleic Acids Res. · 2016 · 44 · D121410.1093/nar/gkv1031 ↗
70. Gartner R. · 2016 · 110.1007/978-3-319-40893-4 ↗
71. M.Schilling S.Glaubitz K.Matzak B.Rehmer B.Skrotzki Full dataset of several mechanical tests on an S355 steel sheet as reference data for digital representations (1.0.0) Zenodo 2022 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6778335.
72. DIN EN 10025‐2 Hot rolled products of structural steels ‐ Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for non‐alloy structural steels; German version EN 10025‐2:2019 Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) October2019.
73. C.Boettiger rdflib: A high level wrapper around the redland package for common rdf applications (Version 0.1.0) Zenodo 2018 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1098478.
74. W3C CSVW Namespace Vocabulary Terms 2017 https://www.w3.org/ns/csvw(accessed: 03 March 2024).
75. W3C RDF Data Access WG Charter 2021 https://www.w3.org/2003/12/swa/dawg‐charter.html(accessed: 03 March 2024).
76. Platform MaterialDigital OntoDocker 2022 https://ontodocker.material‐digital.de/ free registration required (accessed: 03 March 2024).
77. Pebbie GitHub Repositories sparqlgpviz 2020 https://github.com/pebbie/sparqlgpviz/(accessed: 03 March 2024).
78. W3C OWL 2 Web Ontology Language ‐ Structural Specification and Functional‐Style Syntax 2012 https://www.w3.org/TR/owl2‐syntax/#Class_Expression_Axioms/(accessed: 03 March 2024).