DataVXAdvanced Energy MaterialsPaper
journal article·2026-03Open access

How Particle Size Affects Consolidation Behavior, Strain and Properties of Li 6 PS 5 Cl Fast Ionic Conductors

Vasiliki Faka, Mohammed Alabdali, Martin A. Lange, Franco M. Zanotto, Can Yildirim, Mikael Dahl Kanedal, Jędrzej Kondek, Matthias Hartmann, Oliver Maus, Dominik Daisenberger, Michael Ryan Hansen, Jozef Keckes, Daniel Rettenwander, Alejandro A. Franco, Wolfgang G. Zeier

Advanced Energy Materials· Volume 16· Issue 12
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Source abstract

Abstract

ABSTRACT Solid‐state battery fabrication requires the densification of solid electrolytes to achieve optimal cycling performance and high energy density. However, the underlying compaction mechanisms of these electrolytes remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the effect of pressure consolidation on the ionic conductor Li 6 PS 5 Cl with particle size distributions (PSD) ranging from 4 to 40 µm. Heckel analysis reveals that samples with smaller PSDs exhibit higher compressibility at lower pressures. X‐ray diffraction peak profiling shows that applied pressure induces lattice strain, leading to peak broadening, while pair distribution function analysis demonstrates a reduction in coherence length upon pressing. Dark‐field X‐ray microscopy further provides spatially resolved orientation maps, uncovering intragranular structural variations within individual Li 6 PS 5 Cl agglomerates after compression. To better understand the origin of stress fluctuations, we performed discrete element method simulations using the experimental PSDs. The results indicate that smaller particles and broader PSDs experience higher stresses, whereas monodisperse systems do not exhibit significant stress fluctuations with position or particle size. This suggests that the high strain observed cannot be attributed solely to smaller particles, but rather to size inhomogeneity. Overall, these findings highlight that both particle size and its distribution play a critical role in processing solid electrolytes for solid‐state batteries.
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Research context

Energy storage

OpenAlex topics: Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies · Thermal Expansion and Ionic Conductivity · Advancements in Battery Materials

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry University of Münster Münster Germany

Laboratoire De Réactivité Et De Chimie des Solides UMR CNRS 7314 Université de Picardie Jules Verne Amiens France

FR CNRS 3459 Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E) Hub de l'Energie Amiens France

Institute of Energy Materials and Devices (IMD) IMD 4: Helmholtz‐Institut Münster Ionics in Energy Storage Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Münster Germany

European Synchrotron Radiation Facility Grenoble France

Department of Material Science and Engineering NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway

Christian Doppler Laboratory For Solid‐State Batteries NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway

International Graduate School BACCARA Münster Germany

Institute of Physical Chemistry University of Münster Münster Germany

Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Diamond Light Source Oxfordshire UK

Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science Austrian Academy of Sciences Leoben Austria

Chair of Materials Physics Montanuniversität Leoben Leoben Austria

Center For Transport Technologies, Battery Technologies AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH Vienna Austria

FR CNRS 3104 ALISTORE‐European Research Institute Hub de l'Energie Amiens France

Institut Universitaire de France Paris France

Funding

Institut Universitaire de France · European Research Council · Christian Doppler Forschungsgesellschaft · Agence Nationale de la Recherche

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