The single freezing episode of early-age cementitious composites: Threshold properties of cement matrix ensuring the frost resistance
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract The freezing is recognized as one of the most dangerous phenomena jeopardizing the durability of cement-based materials. In this work, the cementitious material exposed to a single freezing event after 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of hydration was investigated. The change of mechanical parameters, e.g. compressive strength and Young’s modulus, due to individual water crystallization was determined. Water freezing in cement paste proceeds at depressed temperature, which can be calculated using Gibbs-Thomson equation. The change of the in-pore ice content profile in temperature domain along with hydration was calculated using differential scanning calorimetry and was related with the degradation of mechanical properties. The two dominant mechanisms inducing water freezing can be recognized in cement paste: gradual ice penetration and ice nucleation. The change of microstructure along with hydration was monitored using mercury porosimetry. These observations allowed to determine the threshold properties which provide the resistance of cementitious materials to the single freezing at early age. The research was supplemented with isothermal calorimetry and XRD data of the applied binder.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Concrete and Cement Materials Research · Concrete Properties and Behavior · Smart Materials for Construction
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (52)
Show source-provided references
1. Hydration, mechanical properties and durability of high-strength concrete under different curing conditions10.1007/s10973-018-7007-3 ↗
2. Effect of curing conditions on the pore solution and carbonation resistance of alkali-activated fly ash and slag pastes10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.11.011 ↗
3. Performance of concrete under different curing conditions10.1016/S0008-8846(96)85023-X ↗
4. Performance of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) with cement partially replaced by ground granite powder (GGP) under different curing conditions10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.04.058 ↗
5. A working hypothesis for further studies of frost resistance of concrete
6. Experimental study of deformation of early age concrete suffering from frost damage10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.04.187 ↗
7. Minimum curing time prediction of early-age concrete to prevent frost damage10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.09.021 ↗
8. Early-age strength properties, and freezing and thawing resistance of concrete incorporating high volumes of ASTM class F fly ash10.1016/0262-5075(89)90034-1 ↗
9. An experimental investigation on minimum compressive strength of early age concrete to prevent frost damage for nuclear power plant structures in cold climates10.5516/NET.09.2012.046 ↗
10. “ACI 306R. Guide to cold weather concreting,” ed, 1988.
11. Freeze-thaw durability of microwave cured air-entrained concrete10.1016/S0008-8846(97)00014-8 ↗
12. Use of phase change materials (PCMs) to mitigate early age thermal cracking in concrete: theoretical considerations10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.09.046 ↗
13. Comparison of methods for arresting hydration of cement10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.06.003 ↗
14. K. Scrivener, R. Snellings, B. Lothenbach, A practical guide to microstructural analysis of cementitious materials. Crc Press Boca Raton, 2016.
15. RILEM TC-238 SCM recommendation on hydration stoppage by solvent exchange for the study of hydrate assemblages10.1617/s11527-018-1298-5 ↗
16. A reassessment of mercury intrusion porosimetry by comparison with 1H NMR relaxometry10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.05.024 ↗
17. “EN 196-1 Test Methods for Cement, CEN TC 51.,” ed.
18. The dynamics of capillary flow10.1103/PhysRev.17.273 ↗
19. Pore structure description of mortars containing ground granulated blast-furnace slag by mercury intrusion porosimetry and dynamic vapour sorption10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.245 ↗
20. Mesoscopic damage model of concrete subjected to freeze-thaw cycles using mercury intrusion porosimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (MIP-DSC)10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.136 ↗
21. Mercury intrusion porosimetry parameters for use in concrete penetrability qualification using the Katz-Thompson relationship10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119834 ↗
22. E. 196-11:2018, “Methods of testing cement. Heat of hydration. Isothermal Conduction Calorimetry method,” ed.
23. Höhne · 2013
24. Freezing of partly saturated cementitious materials–Insight into properties of pore confined solution and microstructure10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118895 ↗
25. J. Sestak, Thermophysical properties of solids: measurements and theoretical thermal analysis, Prague: Academia, 1984, p. 168.
26. S. Vyazovkin, Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Brown ME, Gallagher PK, (Eds.), Elsevier, 2008.
27. Evaluation of water in silica pores using differential scanning calorimetry10.1016/0040-6031(94)02174-M ↗
28. M. Randall, International Critical Tables V–VII, McGI-aw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, 1930, p. 233.
29. W. Zhang, et al., Influence of damage degree on the degradation of concrete under freezing-thawing cycles, Constr. Build. Mater. 260 (2020) 119903, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119903.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119903 ↗
30. Elastic modulus damage model of cement mortar under salt freezing circumstance based on X-ray CT scanning10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.10.097 ↗
31. S. Mindess, F. Young, D. Darwin, Concrete, second ed., Technical Documents, 2003.
32. Heat evolution during the hydration of Portland cement in the presence of fly ash, calcium hydroxide and super plasticizer10.1016/j.tca.2012.08.028 ↗
33. Thermoporometry by differential scanning calorimetry: experimental considerations and applications10.1016/j.tca.2005.02.015 ↗
34. Melting and freezing of water in cylindrical silica nanopores10.1039/b809438c ↗
35. Comparison of different techniques to study the nanostructure and the microstructure of cementitious materials with and without superabsorbent polymers10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.06.225 ↗
36. Low temperature DSC characterisation of water in opal10.1007/s10973-012-2911-4 ↗
37. H.M. Jennings, Colloid model of C− S− H and implications to the problem of creep and shrinkage, Mater. Struct. 37 (1) (2004) 59-70.10.1007/BF02481627 ↗
38. Refinements to colloid model of CSH in cement: CM-II10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.10.006 ↗
39. Experimental identification of ice formation in small concrete pores10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.01.022 ↗
40. Impact of sample saturation on the detected porosity of hardened concrete using low temperature calorimetry10.1016/j.tca.2014.02.002 ↗
41. J. Christian, The Theory of Transformations in Metals and Alloys, Part 1, Pergamon Press, New York, vol. 404, 1975.
42. Kinetics of heterogeneous nucleation10.1063/1.1747588 ↗
43. A new method for the simultaneous determination of the size and shape of pores: the thermoporometry10.1016/0040-6031(77)85122-8 ↗
44. Freezing in gels10.1016/0022-3093(93)90467-C ↗
45. Kinetics of the homogeneous freezing of water10.1039/c003297b ↗
46. A physically constrained classical description of the homogeneous nucleation of ice in water10.1063/1.4962355 ↗
47. Homogeneous ice nucleation rate in water droplets10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b04788 ↗
48. Moisture characterization of cementitious material properties: assessment of water vapor sorption isotherm and permeability variation with ages10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.03.030 ↗
49. Water vapour sorption experiments on hardened cementitious materials: Part I: Essential tool for analysis of hygral behaviour and its relation to pore structure10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.11.019 ↗
50. The Kelvin equation—a review10.1016/0021-8502(72)90158-9 ↗
51. Pore structure characterization of cement pastes blended with high-volume fly-ash10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.09.012 ↗
52. “DIN 1045-3:2008 Concrete, Reinforced And Prestressed Concrete Structures - Part 3: Execution Of Structures,” ed.